<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<programs type="array">
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The Justice, Law and Crime Policy (JCLP) PhD program is designed to
produce top academic scholars and leaders in policy and applied
settings. It brings cutting edge social science methods to the
disciplines of criminology and law and society. Students coming to this
program seek to make a difference in the development and evaluation of
policy in these fields. The goal of this program is to provide a
rigorous course of study that will prepare students to do research,
teach, develop and test policies, and administer agencies and programs
designed to administer law, deliver justice, reduce crime, and enhance
domestic security.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The program draws from a multidisciplinary faculty in the
Department of Administration of Justice for required core courses and
electives. It also makes available a wide range of other electives from
many different university programs, including those in computational
social science, conflict analysis and resolution, economics,
government, law, philosophy, psychology, public administration,
sociology, and statistics. The program takes advantage of the
university&amp;rsquo;s proximity to many justice organizations at the federal,
state, and local levels in the capital region. The curriculum is
structured to give students the skills to do policy-relevant research
and work with justice and security agencies in the region to exercise
those skills and serve the needs of those agencies.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h4&gt;Reduction of Credit&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Students entering the doctoral program with a master&amp;rsquo;s degree in a
related discipline, including law degrees, may request that the
required credits for the doctoral degree be reduced by a maximum of 24
credits with approval of the program director and dean and in
accordance with university policy. Students who have prior graduate
course work that has not been applied to another degree may request to
have a maximum of 12 of these graduate credits transferred to their
JLCP degree program, with approval of the program coordinator and dean
and in accordance with university policy.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://adj.gmu.edu/faculty_staff/CrystalHarris-Harlaux.html"&gt;Crystal Harris-Harlaux&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Graduate Academic Advisor&lt;br /&gt; Justice, Law, and Crime Policy Program &lt;br /&gt; Bull Run Hall 322&lt;br /&gt; 10900 University Blvd., MS 4F4 &lt;br /&gt; Manassas, VA 20110 &lt;br /&gt; 703.993.9417&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:jlcp@gmu.edu"&gt;jlcp@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T11:59:13Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>PhD</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">10</degree-order-number>
    <department>Administration of Justice</department>
    <department-abbreviation>ADJ</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://adj.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Justice, Law, and Crime Policy</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Doctor of Philosophy</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">66</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-PHD-JLCP</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;In addition to satisfying the requirements for all doctoral degrees, students must successfully complete required course work, pass two qualifying exams, and form a dissertation committee, after which they are advanced to candidacy. The final requirements are the dissertation proposal defense and a dissertation of original research representing a significant contribution to the field, which should be publishable in a referred journal or a quality press.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The 72 credits of course work are distributed as follows.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Four core substantive courses (12 credits): JLCP 700, 720, 740, 760&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Four analytical methods courses (12 credits): JLCP 780, 782, 783; and one course chosen from JLCP 781; SOCI 631, 632, 634; STAT 574, 658, 662, 665, 673, 674; PSYC 633, 640; PUAD 643; CSS 600, 610&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Six courses (18 credits) in two substantive fields of study (see below)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;At least one elective course (at least 3 credits) relevant to JLCP&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dissertation proposal (3-6 credits): JLCP 998&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dissertation (12&amp;ndash;21 credits): JLCP 999&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Once enrolled in 998, a student must maintain continuous registration in 998 or 999 each semester until the dissertation is submitted to and accepted by the University Library.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h4&gt;Substantive Fields of Study&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In addition to the required analytical methods and substantive core courses, the curriculum offers three substantive fields. Doctoral students must select two substantive fields of study and complete three courses within each area. Students may take one non-JLCP elective course in each area or other courses offered by JLCP with prior written approval of the director of the JLCP program.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h5 style="&amp;quot;font-weight:"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Justice and Law&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h5&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Justice-related electives: JLCP 702, 703; GOVT 520, 631, 725; SOCI 611, 612, 619, 640; CONF 501, 701, 720, 721, 723, 726, 747, 802, 803; ECON 611, 852, 854&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Law-related electives: JLCP 721, 722, 723, 730; SOCI 503; PHIL 611; CONF 733; ECON 895 (when topic is law and economics); selected LAW courses*&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;*Successful completion of JLCP 720 and 721 is a prerequisite for enrollment in LAW courses, which also requires preapproval from the JLCP director, law school instructor, and associate dean for student academic affairs of the Law School.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h5 style="&amp;quot;font-weight:"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Jus&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;tice Organizations, Administration, and Leadership&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h5&gt;
&lt;p&gt;JLCP 741, 742, 743, 749, 509, 510, 691; PUAD 502, 620, 621, 622, 640, 661, 671, 680, 700, 727, 781; CONF 731, 741, 743; PSYC 532, 631, 639; SOCI 505, 523, 692&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h5 style="&amp;quot;font-weight:"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Crime and Crim&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;e Policy&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h5&gt;
&lt;p&gt;JLCP 761; SOCI 607; GOVT 745; PUAD 640, 644, 741; PSYC 617&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-06-10T18:48:43Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The JLCP MA program brings cutting-edge social science methods to the disciplines of criminology and law and society. Students coming to this program seek to make a difference in the development and evaluation of policy in these fields. The master's program aims to train individuals seeking to enhance analytical and policy evaluation skills to further career development or prepare for competitive, sought-after positions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The program draws from a multidisciplinary faculty in the Administration of Justice Program for required core courses and electives. It also makes available a wide range of other electives from many different university programs, including those in computational social science, conflict analysis and resolution, economics, government, law, philosophy, psychology, public administration, sociology, and statistics.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The program takes advantage of the university's proximity to many justice organizations at the federal, state, and local levels in the capital region. The curriculum is structured to give students the skills to do policy-relevant research and work with justice and security agencies in the region to exercise those skills and serve the neds of those agencies.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h4&gt;Transfer Credits&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Students may request to transfer a maximum of 12 credits for prior graduate course work not resulting in a degree in a relevant area, subject to approval by the graduate director and dean and in accordance with university policies.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements>&lt;p&gt;See the Application for Graduate Study for admissions deadlines. Late applications will be considered on a space-available basis. There is no required background or preferred experience, but students should demonstrate interest in and aptitude for graduate study in justice, law, and crime policy. In addition to meeting all requirements for graduate study, applicants should submit three letters of recommendation from faculty members or individuals with first-hand knowledge of academic or professional capabilities; a statement of purpose of study no longer than 500 words; official verbal, quantitative, and analytical GRE scores on tests taken within five years of application submission; and a writing sample of a recent sole-authored work of at least 2,500 words. An interview may be required.&lt;/p&gt;</application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://adj.gmu.edu/faculty_staff/CrystalHarris-Harlaux.html"&gt;Crystal Harris-Harlaux&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Graduate Academic Advisor&lt;br /&gt;Bull Run Hall 307, MS 4F4 &lt;br /&gt; Manassas, VA 20110 &lt;br /&gt; 703.993.9417&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a id="mailto:jlcp@gmu.edu" href="mailto:jlcp@gmu.edu"&gt;jlcp@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:14:29Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>MA</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">60</degree-order-number>
    <department>Administration of Justice</department>
    <department-abbreviation>ADJ</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://adj.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Justice, Law, and Crime Policy</description>
    <director>&lt;p&gt;Faye S. Taxman&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a id="mailto:jlcp@gmu.edu" href="mailto:jlcp@gmu.edu"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Master of Arts</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">65</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MA-JLCP</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this degree must complete 30 credits distributed as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Four core courses (12 credits) in three fields:    
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Justice and law&lt;em&gt;:&lt;/em&gt; JLCP 700, 720&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Justice organizations, administration, and leadership: JLCP 740&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Crime and crime policy: JLCP 760&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three courses (9 credits) of analytic methods: JLCP 780, 782, 783&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One to two elective courses (3 to 6 credits) of elective courses chosen from courses in one or more substantive fields of study listed below&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Thesis (3 to 6 credits): JLCP 799&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A maximum of 6 credits of thesis may be applied to the degree. A thesis proposal form must be submitted to the graduate&amp;nbsp; program director prior to enrollment in thesis credits. The master's thesis must be defended orally before a committee of three faculty appointed by the JLCP graduate director.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h4&gt;Substantive Fields of Study&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Master's students are required to take one or two of the offered electives within the substantive fields of study (depending upon how many thesis credits are taken). Master's students may take one non-JLCP elective course. Students may use other courses offered by JLCP or other programs as elective credit for a substantive field with prior written approval of the student's advisor, director of the JLCP program, and sponsoring program.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h5&gt;Justice and Law&lt;/h5&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Justice-related electives: JLCP 702, 703; GOVT 520, 725, 631; SOCI 611, 612, 619, 640; CONF 501, 701, 720, 721, 723, 726, 747, 802, 803; ECON 611, 852, 854&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Law-related electives: JLCP 721, 722, 723, 730; SOCI 503; PHIL 611; CONF 733; ECON 895 (when topic is law and economics); selected LAW courses*&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;*Successful completion of JLCP 720 and 721 is a prerequisite for enrollment in LAW courses, which also requires preapproval from the JLCP director, law school instructor, and associate dean for student academic affairs of the Law School.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h5&gt;Justice Organizations, Administration, and Leadership&lt;/h5&gt;
&lt;p&gt;JLCP 741, 742, 743, 749, 509, 510, 691; PUAD 502, 620, 621, 622, 640, 661, 671, 680, 700, 727, 781; CONF 731, 741, 743; PSYC 532, 631, 639; SOCI 505, 523, 692&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h5&gt;Crime and Crime Policy&lt;/h5&gt;
&lt;p&gt;JLCP 761; SOCI 607; GOVT 745; PUAD 640, 644, 741; CONF 734; PSYC 617&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-21T18:37:44Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract></abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards>&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://mce_host/programs/2/&amp;quot;mailto:adj@gmu.edu&amp;quot;"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers>&lt;p&gt;Our graduates are now:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;CIA agents&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;naval investigators&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;police officers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;customs/immigration officials&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;civil rights advocates&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;drug and alcohol counselors&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;They have careers in dozens of other professions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many ADJ graduates went on to graduate studies or law school. They are lawyers in the public and private sectors; some serve as judges.&lt;/p&gt;</careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion>&lt;p&gt;Credits earned in ADJ 490, 491, 492, and 499, when relevant, may be applied to this concentration with prior written approval of the director of the BS in Administration of Justice.&lt;/p&gt;</concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text>&lt;p&gt;Students receiving this concentration as part of the BS in Administration of Justice complete 5 courses (15 credits) chosen from the following.&lt;/p&gt;</concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Department of Administration of Justice&lt;br /&gt;George Mason University&lt;br /&gt;10900 University Boulevard, MS 4F4&lt;br /&gt;Bull Run Hall 301&lt;br /&gt;Manassas, VA 20110&lt;br /&gt;703.993.8315&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:adj@gmu.edu"&gt;adj@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:adj@gmu.edu"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T11:59:08Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>BS</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">130</degree-order-number>
    <department>Administration of Justice</department>
    <department-abbreviation>ADJ</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://adj.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Administration of Justice</description>
    <director>&lt;p&gt;Lisa Newmark&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:lnewmark@gmu.edu"&gt;lnewmark@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Bachelor of Science</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">2</id>
    <opportunities>&lt;p&gt;Intern at:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;FBI or Secret      Service&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;U.S.      Marshal's Office&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;United      Nations&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Interpol&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;U.S. Attorney offices or law firms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;police departments or corrections agencies&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you excel in the classroom, apply to the ADJ honors program.&amp;nbsp; Conduct cutting-edge research and work closely with a faculty member and other honors students.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Join the &lt;a href="http://www.gmu.edu/org/adjclub"&gt;ADJ Club&lt;/a&gt; and participate in:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Career panels&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fairfax county jail tours&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Victims' Rights Run&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Co-rec sports&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</opportunities>
    <other-information>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/system/file_attachments/613/original/adj_undergrad_fact_sheet.pdf"&gt;Information sheet&lt;/a&gt; (.pdf)&lt;/p&gt;</other-information>
    <program-code>LA-BS-ADJ</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile>&lt;p&gt;Mason&amp;rsquo;s administration of justice (ADJ) degree is designed for students interested in law enforcement, law, homeland security, and related career fields. As a student in the program, you will be taught by outstanding professors who have years of experience as both researchers and practitioners.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You will learn to assess the strengths and weaknesses of different ways of seeking justice and come to understand the impact that different systems of justice have on the lives of individuals and communities. Most importantly, you will develop the skills to be competitive in the job market.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You will take courses in criminal justice, crime, and law and have the opportunity to pursue a concentration in criminal justice, law and society, or homeland security and justice.&lt;/p&gt;</program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;In addition to satisfying the &lt;a href="http://chss.gmu.edu/gened0910"&gt;university general education requirement&lt;/a&gt;s and the &lt;a href="http://chss.gmu.edu/gened0910"&gt;requirements for a bachelor of science degree in the College of Humanities and Social Sciences&lt;/a&gt;, students pursuing this degree must complete 67 credits with a minimum GPA of 2.00.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Five core courses (16 credits): ADJ 100, 300, 303, 306, 424&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Twelve elective courses (36 credits) including at least 24 credits of ADJ courses chosen from:&lt;br /&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;ADJ 301 or GOVT 301; ADJ 302, 304, 305, 307, 308, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 422; ADJ 423 or GOVT 423; ADJ 425, 460, 461,462, 471, 475, 490, 491, 492, 499; GOVT 101, 103, 420, 421, 452; PHIL 151, 311; PSYC 100, 211, 231, 314, 325, 326; SOCI 101, 301, 308, 310, 315, 352, 475; SOCW 400, 410, 423, 430; CONF 300, 302, 320, 330, 393&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;15 credits in skills for the justice professional chosen from: any foreign language courses that develop or require foreign language skills and are taught in the language; any CS course; any IT course; ADJ 479, 480; GEOG 311; GOVT 305, 309, 351, 355, 356, 357, 359, 364, 366, 400, 464; PYSC 260; SOCI 405, 410; STAT 362, 455, 463, 474; SOCW 200, 301, 323, 324, 351, 352, 425, 430&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;ADJ majors have the option of obtaining a concentration by completing 15 of their 36 elective credits within one of the concentrations listed on the right.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-11-10T15:18:09Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason>&lt;p&gt;Intern at places like the Secret Service, the U.S. Department of State, and the U.S. District Court offices. Located minutes from Washington, D.C., Mason offers you more affordable access to learning and career opportunities than any other university in the region.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Students in our ADJ program meet guest lecturers and professors working in the field of justice &amp;ndash; some of the most visible and prestigious people in the country. Among our current adjunct professors are retired FBI agents, federal prosecutors, judges, and individuals with federal level homeland security experience.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Named the #1 national university to watch by &lt;em&gt;U.S. News &amp;amp; World Report&lt;/em&gt;, George Mason University is an innovative, entrepreneurial institution with global distinction in a range of academic fields. Situated in the heart of Northern Virginia's technology corridor, Mason prepares its students to succeed in the work force and to meet the needs of the region and the world.&lt;/p&gt;</why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract>Intern at places like the Secret Service, the U.S. Department of State, and the U.S. District Court offices. </why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;Through this minor, students develop knowledge of the principles, institutions, and practices of systems for administering justice. It provides a solid foundation for students seeking to supplement their major area of study, develop knowledge and skills needed for justice related occupations, or lay the foundation for possible graduate study in the justice field. Students first obtain an overview of the justice system, learn legal or ethical standards by which to judge the behavior of justice practitioners, and then develop advanced knowledge of selected features of the justice system.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information></contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-11-07T17:32:01Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Minor</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">150</degree-order-number>
    <department>Administration of Justice</department>
    <department-abbreviation>ADJ</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://adj.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Administration of Justice</description>
    <director>&lt;p&gt;David B. Wilson &lt;br /&gt; Bull Run Hall 301C, MSN 4F4 &lt;br /&gt; Manassas, VA 20110 &lt;br /&gt; 703.993.4701&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:dwilsonb@gmu.edu"&gt;dwilsonb@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Minor</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">3</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MINOR-ADJ-ADJ</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students in this minor complete 15 credits distributed as follows.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One required course (3 credits): ADJ 100 Introduction to Criminal Justice (3 credits)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Four courses (12 credits) in upper-level ADJ courses (excluding ADJ 479 and ADJ 480)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Students should plan their course of study with an Administration of Justice faculty advisor who will be assigned by the program. The minor must be approved by the Administration of Justice Program before graduation.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-06-10T13:05:40Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The doctoral program in communication focuses on health and strategic communication. It prepares students for increasingly complex public and private communication environments. Students receive a strong theoretical and multi-methodological foundation, which enables them to examine the critical role communication performs in health promotion, disease prevention, quality of care, risk assessment, and crisis management.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Maria Verdino, Administrative Coordinator&lt;br /&gt; Thompson Hall 212, MSN 3D6 &lt;br /&gt; 703-933-3552&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:commgrad@gmu.edu"&gt;commgrad@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:02:02Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>PhD</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">10</degree-order-number>
    <department>Communication</department>
    <department-abbreviation>COMM</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://comm.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Communication</description>
    <director>&lt;p&gt;Carl Botan, Director&lt;br /&gt; 703-993-3552&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:cbotan@gmu.edu"&gt;cbotan@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Doctor of Philosophy</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">26</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="../../system/file_attachments/321/original/communicationMAPhD.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;Information sheet&lt;/a&gt; (.pdf)&lt;/p&gt;</other-information>
    <program-code>LA-PHD-COM</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile>&lt;p&gt;The 60-credit (post MA) doctoral program in communication focuses on health and strategic communication. It prepares students for increasingly complex public and private communication environments. Students receive a strong theoretical and multi-methodological foundation, which enables them to examine the critical role communication performs in health promotion, disease prevention, quality of care, risk assessment, and crisis management.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Faculty and students conduct important research concerning consumer-provider relationships, risk communication, crisis management, organizational communication, media systems, health campaigns, new information technologies, communication policy, media advocacy, and health communication interventions. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; The courses explore important communication issues such as communicating complex information, influencing health behaviors, disparities in health outcomes, the digital divide, public advocacy, intercultural sensitivity, media literacy, homeland security, and social support.&amp;nbsp; We support a broad array of theories and methodologies, while examining a range of important health, crisis and risk contexts.&amp;nbsp; We welcome students in the beginning stages of their careers as well as those who are more established.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For more information:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://communication.gmu.edu/program_info_phd"&gt;Read our detailed PhD Program Information&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="http://communication.gmu.edu/programs/requirements/LA-PHD-COM"&gt;Review degree requirements&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://communication.gmu.edu/courses"&gt;See courses and syllabi&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="../../howtoappl"&gt;Learn about the application process and requirements&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="http://admissions.gmu.edu/grad/index.asp"&gt;Apply online&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="../../graduatefunding"&gt;Explore funding for graduate studies at George Mason&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.gmu.edu/org/cgsa/"&gt;Visit the Communication Graduate Student Association Web site&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.journalism.wisc.edu/dsc/"&gt;Consult the Directory of Science Communication Courses and Programs&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;To receive the Ph.D. in communication, students must complete a minimum of 60 credits beyond the master&amp;rsquo;s degree including core courses in theory and research methods, course work in a concentration, and a research practicum. The two concentrations in health communication and strategic communication are highly complementary and considerable overlap between them is expected. Following completion of all required coursework, students must pass a written qualifying examination and an oral defense of it, after which they are advanced to candidacy by the dean and complete a dissertation, an original and independent research project.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Four courses (12 credits) of theory: COMM 600 and 9 credits chosen from COMM 602, 605, 634, 635&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three courses (9 credits) of research methods: COMM 650, 725, 750 or other 700-level courses with approval of the director.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Six courses (18 credits) in one of the following substantive fields of study:    
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Health Communication&lt;/em&gt;: 9 credits chosen from COMM 620, 705, 720, 820 and 9 credits of relevant coursework with approval of the advisor and director&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Strategic Communication&lt;/em&gt;: 9 credits chosen from COMM 630, 705, 706, 735 and 9 credits of relevant coursework with approval of the advisor and director&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;3 credits of a research practicum: COMM 604, 890 or 896 depending on the nature of the research being conducted&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;18 credits of dissertation proposal and research: 3 credits of COMM 998 and 15 credits of COMM 999&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Once enrolled in 998, students must maintain continuous registration for at least 1 credit; once enrolled in 999, students must follow the university continuous registration policy. A maximum of 3 credits of COMM 998 and 15 credits of COMM 999 may be applied toward the 60 credits required for the degree, though because of continuous registration policy, students may be required to register for additional credits of these courses.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If specific requirements are waived by the director because of previous coursework or experience, students must complete additional electives as approved by the department and recorded on their Program of Study.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-12T20:20:01Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason>&lt;p&gt;Because of our location in Northern Virginia, communication students have unparalleled opportunities for research, internships, and work experiences in nonprofit organizations, public agencies, and private corporations. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mason&amp;rsquo;s communication faculty members have built relationships with a number of agencies, organizations, universities, hospitals, and centers throughout the national capital area. They collaborate with federal agencies and nongovernmental organizations, as well as with associations such as the National Communication Association and the International Communication Association. Graduate students benefit from the particularly close ties that the faculty have with the National Institutes of Health and the National Library of Medicine.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Named the #1 national university to watch by &lt;em&gt;U.S. News &amp;amp; World Report&lt;/em&gt;, George Mason University is an innovative, entrepreneurial institution with global distinction in a range of academic fields. Located in the heart of Northern Virginia&amp;rsquo;s technology corridor near Washington, D.C., Mason prepares its students to succeed in the work force and meet the needs of the region and the world.&lt;/p&gt;</why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract>Because of our location in Northern Virginia, communication students have unparalleled opportunities for research, internships, and work experiences in nonprofit organizations, public agencies, and private corporations.</why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The Master of Arts (MA) degree in communication at George Mason University examines the powerful role played by communication practices in contemporary society. The program has two major areas of emphasis: &lt;em&gt;strategic communication/public relations&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;health communication.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Our strategic communication faculty teach courses on planning, developing, and executing public communication campaigns based on their expertise in public relations theory and research. Our health communication faculty explore the relationship between communication practices and the health and well-being of individuals and communities - including everything from how to improve relationships between doctors and patients to how non-profits can develop more effective health information campaigns (for example, HIV prevention campaigns).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In the end, all of our faculty - strategic and health communication faculty alike - are committed to providing our students with a strong foundation in communication theory and research while at the same time encouraging them to apply their skills in the public, private, and non-profit sectors.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Maria Verdino, Administrative Coordinator&lt;br /&gt; Thompson Hall 212, MSN 3D6&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt; 703-993-3552&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:commgrad@gmu.edu"&gt;commgrad@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:02:05Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>MA</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">60</degree-order-number>
    <department>Communication</department>
    <department-abbreviation>COMM</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://comm.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Communication</description>
    <director>&lt;p&gt;Tim Gibson, Director&lt;br /&gt; 703-993-3793&lt;/p&gt;</director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Master of Arts</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">24</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="../../system/file_attachments/321/original/communicationMAPhD.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;Information sheet&lt;/a&gt; (.pdf)&lt;/p&gt;</other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MA-COM</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile>&lt;p&gt;Whether an organization is rolling out a new product, lobbying policy makers, promoting good health, or reaching out to the public with another message, it is crucial to communicate effectively with key audiences. But which message is the right message? How should it be framed? What media channels stand the best chance of reaching the target audience?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The 33-credit MA program in communication seeks to answer these questions by looking at the practice of communication in increasingly complex public and private communication environments. It focuses on the study and practice of health, risk, and crisis communication. Students receive a strong theoretical and multi-methodological foundation, which enables them to examine the critical role communication performs in health promotion, disease prevention, quality of care, risk assessment, and crisis management.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Faculty and students conduct important research concerning consumer-provider relationships, risk communication, crisis management, organizational communication, media systems, health campaigns, new information technologies, communication policy, media advocacy, and health communication interventions. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The courses explore important communication issues such as communicating complex information, influencing health behaviors, disparities in health outcomes, the digital divide, public advocacy, intercultural sensitivity, media literacy, homeland security, and social support.&amp;nbsp; We support a broad array of theories and methodologies, while examining a range of important health, crisis and risk contexts.&amp;nbsp; We welcome students in the beginning stages of their careers as well as those who are more established.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For more information:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://communication.gmu.edu/faqs_ma"&gt;Read the FAQs for the MA in Communication&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://communication.gmu.edu/programs/requirements/LA-MA-COM"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Review degree requirements&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://communication.gmu.edu/courses"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;See courses and syllabi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="../../howtoapply"&gt;Learn about the application process and requirements&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://admissions.gmu.edu/grad/index.asp"&gt;Apply online&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="../../graduatefunding"&gt;Explore funding for graduate studies at George Mason&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.gmu.edu/org/cgsa/"&gt;Visit the Communication Graduate Student Association Web site&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.journalism.wisc.edu/dsc/"&gt;Consult the Directory of Science Communication Courses and Programs&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students receiving the degree must successfully complete 33 credits of graduate course work, distributed as follows.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Five core courses (15 credits): COMM 600, 650, 798 and two theory courses (6 credits) chosen from COMM 602, 605, 620, 630, 634, or 635&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One practicum course (3 credits) chosen from: COMM 590, 604, 621, 653, 655, 694, 697, 721, 820     
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Other courses including independent study courses can be used to fulfill this requirement with the prior approval of the director of graduate studies.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;12-15 credits of electives chosen from graduate communication courses including those listed above under theory or practicum. Students may take up to 6 credits of course work outside the department with prior approval of the director of graduate studies.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Thesis (3 credits) (optional)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Students electing the thesis option should consult the section on Master's Thesis in the Academic Policies section of this catalog.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-19T16:01:32Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason>&lt;p&gt;Mason&amp;rsquo;s communication faculty members have built relationships with a number of agencies, organizations, universities, hospitals, and centers throughout the national capital area. They collaborate with federal agencies and nongovernmental organizations, as well as with associations such as the National Communication Association and the International Communication Association. Graduate students benefit from the particularly close ties that the faculty have with the National Institutes of Health and the National Library of Medicine.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Named the #1 national university to watch by &lt;em&gt;U.S. News &amp;amp; World Report&lt;/em&gt;, George Mason University is an innovative, entrepreneurial institution with global distinction in a range of academic fields. Located in the heart of Northern Virginia&amp;rsquo;s technology corridor near Washington, D.C., Mason prepares its students to succeed in the work force and meet the needs of the region and the world.&lt;/p&gt;</why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract>Because of our location, communication students have unparalleled opportunities for research, internships, and work experiences in nonprofit organizations, public agencies, and private corporations.</why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract></abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers>&lt;p&gt;Our graduates are now:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;TV producers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;news anchors&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;sales representatives&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;financial advisors&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;freelance editors&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;They work as managers or consultants in a wide range of organizations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many have attended graduate studies and professional schools, such as law school.&lt;/p&gt;</careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion>&lt;p&gt;Specific sections of COMM 399 - Special Topics in Communication, when relevant, may be applied toward the concentration with prior written approval of the undergraduate director.&lt;/p&gt;</concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text>&lt;p&gt;In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the BA in communication, students must complete an approved concentration of 12 credits.&lt;/p&gt;</concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Department of Communication&lt;br /&gt;George Mason University&lt;br /&gt;Thompson Hall, Room 212&lt;br /&gt;4400 University Drive, MS 3D6&lt;br /&gt;Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt;703-993-1090&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:02:09Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>BA</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">120</degree-order-number>
    <department>Communication</department>
    <department-abbreviation>COMM</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://comm.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Communication</description>
    <director>&lt;p&gt;Kathy Rowan&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:krowan@gmu.edu"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Bachelor of Arts</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">23</id>
    <opportunities>&lt;p&gt;Join a student media organization such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Broadside&lt;/em&gt;, the student newspaper&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;WGMU, the student radio station&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Debate Team&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Forensics Team&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Intern at major media outlets, government agencies, and private corporations:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;NBC Today Show&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;ABC News&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;ESPN Radio&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;USA Today&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;U.S. Department of State&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you excel in the classroom, apply to the communication honors program. Work closely with a professor on a research project of your own. You may be invited to joion Lambda Pi Eta,&amp;nbsp; the national communication honors society.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Study abroad with Mason&amp;rsquo;s &lt;a href="http://globaled.gmu.edu"&gt;Center for Global Education&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</opportunities>
    <other-information>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/system/file_attachments/473/original/UG_Comm_fact_sheet.pdf"&gt;Information sheet (.pdf)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</other-information>
    <program-code>LA-BA-COM</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile>&lt;p&gt;Mason&amp;rsquo;s communication degree is not a sit-back-and-listen program. As a communication major, you will produce videos, public relations plans, television programs, and websites. You will present your results to top Washington, D.C., area professionals and at communication conferences.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Through these activities, you will develop skills that are not only enriching to you personally, but highly valued by prospective employers and graduate schools.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You will take courses in public speaking, media production and criticism, public relations, journalism, intercultural communication, health communication, and political communication. You will study with faculty who are known for creating opportunities for you to apply your knowledge and skills in classes and in co-curricular activities.&lt;/p&gt;</program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;In addition to satisfying &lt;a href="http://chss.gmu.edu/gened0910"&gt;university general education requirements&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://chss.gmu.edu/gened0910"&gt;requirements for a bachelor of arts degree in the College of Humanities and Social Sciences&lt;/a&gt;, students pursuing this degree must complete 36 credits with a minimum grade of 2.00 in each course.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Six required courses (18 credits) in communication: COMM 200, 300, 301, 302, 305, 400 (Students must complete COMM 200 with a grade of C (2.00) or better before enrolling in COMM 300, 301, 302, 305, or 400.)      
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Elective courses in communication (6 credits)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Presentation-intensive Requirement: Students must complete a presentation-intensive course chosen from the following courses (or COMM 399 when the topic is special occasion speaking): COMM 100, 210, 260, 310, 320, 456 (The presentation-intensive course may simultaneously fulfill the requirements for elective courses in communication or an approved concentration.)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Approved concentration (12 credits) (chosen from the list to the right): Students must declare a concentration before they earn more than 75 credits. Transfer students with 60 or more credits are encouraged to declare a concentration by the end of their first semester. COMM 399, when relevant, may be applied toward a concentration with prior written approval of the undergraduate director.      
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Of the 6 credits of elective courses and 12 credits in an approved concentration applied to the requirements for the BA, at least 12 must be at the 300&amp;ndash;400 level and no more than 6 credits may be in COMM 450 - Internship. No more than 10 credits may be in these courses: COMM 140, 141, 142, 143, 145, 148, 157, 340, 341, 342, 343, 345, 346, 348, 450, 451, 452, 499.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No more than 9 credits of internship (COMM 450 or GOVT 450) in total may be applied to the 120 credits required for a degree.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-26T19:29:00Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason>&lt;p&gt;Intern at places like the U.S. Congress, the Voice of America, and &lt;em&gt;National Geographic&lt;/em&gt;. Located minutes from Washington, D.C., we offer you more affordable access to learning and career opportunities than any other university in the region &amp;ndash; a region that is one of the most important media and public relations hubs in the world.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Mason communication majors intern and work at prominent public relations firms, major media outlets, the federal government, and a host of sports teams. Our adjunct faculty work for organizations such as &lt;em&gt;USA Today&lt;/em&gt;, Reuters, and Verizon.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Named the #1 national university to watch by &lt;em&gt;U.S. News &amp;amp; World Report&lt;/em&gt;, George Mason University is an innovative, entrepreneurial institution with global distinction in a range of academic fields. Situated in the heart of Northern Virginia's technology corridor, Mason prepares its students to succeed in the work force and to meet the needs of the region and the world.&lt;/p&gt;</why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract>Intern at places like the U.S. Congress, the Voice of America, and &lt;em&gt;National Geographic&lt;/em&gt;.</why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;In today's workplace, the ability to communicate effectively using human relations tools, technology and media is critical. Our program encourages students to develop a broad understanding of communication theory and research while honing oral, written, and production skills. A minor in communication will provide you with useful knowledge of human resources management, advertising, marketing, public relations/political campaign management, events management, speech writing, or media production.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The minor in communication may be pursued concurrently with any undergraduate major.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information></contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-11-07T17:32:43Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Minor</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">150</degree-order-number>
    <department>Communication</department>
    <department-abbreviation>COMM</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://communication.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Communication</description>
    <director>&lt;p&gt;Lakesha Anderson&lt;br /&gt; Thompson Hall 212B, MSN 3D6&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt; 703.993.8472&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:landers9@gmu.edu"&gt;landers9@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Minor</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">25</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MINOR-COMM-COM</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students receiving the minor must complete 18 credits in communication beyond the 3 credits used to satisfy the university general education requirement. Students must earan a C or better in all courses applied to the minor.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One required course (3 credits): COMM 200&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two courses (6 credits) chosen from: COMM 300, COMM 301, COMM 302, COMM 305&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits) that is public presentation intensive (PPI) chosen from: COMM 100, 210, 310, 320, 356. COMM 399, when it is PPI, may be applied to this requirement with prior approval of the director of the minor.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;6 additional credits of communication (COMM) courses.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;With the approval of the director of the minor, the requirement of COMM 200 may be waived for students who have had an equivalent research course. Those students take an additional 3 credits of COMM electives.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-08-06T19:55:49Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;Electronic journalism provides a foundation with a focus on writing style and research techniques unique to broadcast, online, and computer-assisted reporting. Many jobs require computer-assisted research and writing. Students in this minor develop these skills in addition to a solid understanding of copyright, ethical, and First Amendment issues and how they relate to new technologies.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This minor is not available to communication majors pursuing a concentration in journalism.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Steve Klein&lt;br /&gt; Thompson Hall 219B, MSN 3D6&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt; 703.993.2199&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:sklein1@gmu.edu"&gt;sklein1@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-11-08T07:25:51Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Minor</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">150</degree-order-number>
    <department>Communication</department>
    <department-abbreviation>COMM</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://communication.gmu.edu</department-web-site>
    <description>Electronic Journalism</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Minor</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">38</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MINOR-COMM-EJ</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this minor must complete 18 credits with a minimum GPA of 2.00.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Four required courses (12 credits): COMM 303, 351, 361, 475&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two elective courses (6 credits) chosen from COMM 203, 352, 353, 370, 435, 454&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;COMM 399 - Special Topics in Communication or COMM 450 - Internship in
Communication, when relevant, may be applied to electives requirement with
prior written approval of the coordinator of the minor.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-07-30T18:51:25Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The minor in sport communication offers students the opportunity to
examine important and timely sports-related issues in an ethical
context as well as analyze sports from cross-cultural perspectives.
Students will gain an understanding of sport mass media, sport
communication, sports reporting, interpersonal and organizational
communication, and the impact each has in our global society.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The
courses cover theory and practice in cross-platform communication,
sports ethics and theoretical underpinnings, public relations, and
marketing. The minor provides applied fundamentals for students seeking
employment in the commercial world of sports (areas such as management
or promotion of athletic organizations) and in sports media.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This minor is offered jointly by the Department of Communication&lt;span style="display: none ! important;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; and the &lt;a href="http://rht.gmu.edu/"&gt;School of Recreation, Health, and Tourism&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="display: none ! important;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; in the &lt;a href="http://cehd.gmu.edu/"&gt;College of Education and Human Development&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">2009-08-06</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information></contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2009-08-06T11:37:30Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">false</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Minor</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">150</degree-order-number>
    <department>Communication</department>
    <department-abbreviation>COMM</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://communication.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Sport Communication</description>
    <director>&lt;p&gt;Steve Klein&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:sklein1@gmu.edu"&gt;sklein1@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;703-993-2199&lt;br /&gt;Thompson Hall 219B&lt;br /&gt;4400 University Drive, MSN 3D6&lt;br /&gt;Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;/p&gt;</director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">2009-08-31</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">2009-08-06</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Minor</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">251</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MINOR-COMM-SCOM</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;Students must complete 18 credits with a minimum GPA of 2.00.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Four required courses (12 credits): COMM 303, COMM 320, SPMT 201 or 304, SPMT 430&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two elective coures (6 credits) chosen from: COMM 305, 330, 351, 356, 359, 361, 371; SPMT 302, 318, 405, 412, 420, 440, 445 (Special topics courses, when relevant, may be used to fulfill this
requirement with the prior written approval of the coordinator.)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-08-06T15:58:16Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data nil="true"></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The doctoral program in cultural studies at George Mason University, the first of its kind in the United States, draws freely from fourteen different departments across the university. With this truly interdisciplinary foundation, the program in an explicit way links the social sciences and the humanities by combining their methods of interpretation to explore the production, distribution, and consumption of cultural objects in their social contexts. With particular focus on theory and method in crafting this linkage, the program addresses contemporary issues of nationality, class, race, and gender, and opens the scope of scholarly inquiry to all forms of culture, past and present.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Michelle Carr, Administrative Coordinator&lt;br /&gt; 703-993-2851&lt;br /&gt; Robinson Hall B 439A, MSN 5E4&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:cultural@gmu.edu"&gt;cultural@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:03:56Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>PhD</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">10</degree-order-number>
    <department>Cultural Studies</department>
    <department-abbreviation>CULT</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://culturalstudies.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Cultural Studies</description>
    <director>&lt;p&gt;Roger Lancaster, Director&lt;br /&gt; 703-993-2851&lt;/p&gt;</director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Doctor of Philosophy</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">28</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="../../system/file_attachments/323/original/cutluralstudiesPhD.pdf"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;Information sheet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (.pdf)&lt;/p&gt;</other-information>
    <program-code>LA-PHD-CULT</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;As with all doctoral programs, the emphasis in this program is on the development of intellectual mastery and professional competence. The most important requirements are comprehensive exams and completion of a doctoral thesis reflecting the student&amp;rsquo;s ability to do original interdisciplinary work that meets professional standards. Students are required to demonstrate proficiency in at least one foreign language before being permitted to defend the doctoral dissertation proposal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In addition to satisfying the requirements for all doctoral degrees, students receiving this degree must successful
&lt;script src="../../javascripts/tiny_mce/themes/advanced/langs/en.js" type="text/javascript"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
ly complete 48 credits beyond the MA degree plus exams.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three core courses (9 credits): CULT 802, 806, 808&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits) in theory chosen from CULT 810, 814, 820&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits) in a topic chosen from CULT 812, 816, 818&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits) in methodology: Students choose a course in a relevant methodology in which they are not already trained from departmental graduate offerings (600 level or above) under the guidance of faculty advisory committees.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A minimum of 3 courses (9 credits) in each of two fields (see below)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Oral defense of two written field statements (see below)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Proficiency in a foreign language&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dissertation research (12 credits; 998, 999)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Students are required to register for a minimum of 3 credits of 998 or 999 each semester until they have completed the minimum number of credits of 998 and 999 required on their program of study. Once enrolled in 998, a student must maintain continuous registration in 998 or 999 each semester until the dissertation is submitted to and accepted by the University Library.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h4&gt;Field Requirement&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Under the guidance of faculty advisory committees, students select two fields that point topically and theoretically toward teaching interests, dissertation research, and related forms of professional development. Students select relevant courses from theory or topic courses not used to fulfill the previous requirements or from special topics courses. As part of the minimum 9-credit field requirement, students must take a 3-credit directed readings course, CULT 870, in each field with that field&amp;rsquo;s primary advisor. Students demonstrate competence in each field by producing and orally defending a field statement that consists of a comprehensive, critical literature review.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-12T20:21:19Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;Mason's nationally ranked graduate programs are noted for their emphasis on comparative institutional analysis and their concentration on the relationships among economic, political, and legal institutions. This distinction is illuminated by the concentrations associated with the department: experimental economics, Austrian economics, public choice, constitutional political economy, law and economics, and new institutional economics. The PhD in economics trains students in modern theory and quantitative techniques, stresses the application of theory to relevant economic problems, and emphasizes the application of original research skills. The program prepares students for careers in academia, business, and government.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Mary Jackson&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt; Enterprise Hall 356, MSN 3G4 &lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030-4444 &lt;br /&gt; 703.993.1135 &lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:econgrad@gmu.edu"&gt;econgrad@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:05:19Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>PhD</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">10</degree-order-number>
    <department>Economics</department>
    <department-abbreviation>ECON</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://www.gmu.edu/departments/economics/</department-web-site>
    <description>Economics</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Doctor of Philosophy</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">31</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/system/file_attachments/322/original/economicsMA.pdf"&gt;Information sheet&lt;/a&gt; (.pdf)&lt;/p&gt;</other-information>
    <program-code>LA-PHD-ECON</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students must successfully complete 72 credits of course work plus exams distributed as follows.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Six required core courses (18 credits): ECON 630, 637, 811, 812, 816 &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two required courses in each of two fields listed below (12 credits) in preparation for field exams&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Field exams in two fields of study&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Comprehensive exams in microeconomics and macroeconomics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Six to ten elective courses (18-30 credits)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;12 to 24 credits of dissertation (998, 999)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A cumulative GPA of 3.00 is required, and no more than two courses with a grade of C may be applied toward the degree.&amp;nbsp; Once enrolled in 998, a student must maintain continuous registration in 998 or 999 each semester until the dissertation is submitted to and accepted by the University Library.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Subject to course availability, the department offers exams in the following fields of study. Consult the department for the required courses for each field.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Austrian economics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Constitutional economics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Economic history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Economics and religion&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Experimental economics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Industrial organization&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Law and economics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Monetary theory&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Public choice&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Public finance&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-26T19:07:54Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;Mason's nationally ranked graduate economics programs are noted for their emphasis on comparative institutional analysis and their concentration on the relationships among economic, political, and legal institutions. This distinction is illuminated by the concentrations associated with the department: experimental economics, Austrian economics, public choice, constitutional political economy, law and economics, and new institutional economics. The MA in economics strengthens students' knowledge of economic theory and improves their skills in applying the theory to economic problems. Graduates are qualified to read and judge other research and to conduct their own, either individually or as members of research teams in government or business. They are also prepared to write policy analysis articles. The Department of Economics offers two types of MA degrees:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The public policy track MA is designed to be a self-contained course of study that does not lead to a PhD.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The research track MA is awarded as a milestone on the way to a PhD. Students interested in the research track should apply to the PhD program.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Mary Jackson&lt;br /&gt; Enterprise Hall 356, MSN 3G4&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030-4444&lt;br /&gt; 703-993-1135&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:econgrad@gmu.edu"&gt;econgrad@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:05:15Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>MA</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">60</degree-order-number>
    <department>Economics</department>
    <department-abbreviation>ECON</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://www.gmu.edu/departments/economics/</department-web-site>
    <description>Economics</description>
    <director>&lt;p&gt;Carlos Ramirez, Director&lt;br /&gt; 703-993-1135&lt;/p&gt;</director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Master of Arts</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">32</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/system/file_attachments/322/original/economicsMA.pdf"&gt;Information sheet&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MA-ECON</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this degree must complete 30 graduate credits distributed as follows: &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three required courses (9 credits): ECON 611, 612, 615&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Seven elective courses (21 credits) in economics chosen from any of the fields offered by the department. ECON 630 Mathematical Economics and ECON 535 Survey of Applied Economics are strongly recommended.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Students may receive departmental permission to substitute up to 6 credits of electives taken outside economics in closely related fields. Students may also elect the thesis option, which offers 6 credits for independent research and writing under the supervision of a faculty member in lieu of 6 credits of electives.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Passing grades on comprehensive exams in micro- and macroeconomics (Exams are offered twice each year.)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Although the department does not guarantee availability of courses every semester, a typical first-year sequence includes ECON 611 and 630, and an elective in the fall, and ECON 612 and 615, and an elective in the spring. If possible, part-time students should arrange their work schedules to take two courses per semester in the first year. Master&amp;rsquo;s degree students must enroll at the Arlington Campus for core theory courses.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A cumulative GPA of 3.00 is required, and no more than two courses with a grade of C may be applied toward the degree.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-26T19:09:35Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The graduate certificate in economic systems design provides a well-defined target for students who want to advance or update their knowledge in this fast-moving field. Course work for the graduate certificate can be used for credit toward the MA and PhD in economics. In addition, graduate students in computer science, mathematics, systems engineering, and informatics will find this certificate a strong complement to their major area of study. The courses and project work will provide skills that can be used in electronic commerce, public policy, and internal firm resource allocation processes.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Kathleen Lawson&lt;br /&gt; Enterprise Hall 336, MSN 3G4&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030-4444&lt;br /&gt; 703.993.1135&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:econgrad@gmu.edu"&gt;econgrad@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:05:07Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Graduate Certificate</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">100</degree-order-number>
    <department>Economics</department>
    <department-abbreviation>ECON</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://www.gmu.edu/departments/economics/</department-web-site>
    <description>Economic Systems Design</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Graduate Certificate</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">29</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-CERG-ECSD</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this certificate must complete 15 credits distributed as follows.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three graduate-level courses (9 credits) in economic systems design&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two elective courses (6 credits) chosen in consultation with an advisor in economics.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A cumulative GPA of 3.00 is required, and no more than one course with a grade of C may be applied toward the certificate.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-08-04T14:05:32Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The department also offers a &lt;a id="&amp;quot;http://chss.gmu.edu/chss/degrees/index.cfm?programID=30868|&amp;quot;" href="/programs/show/LA-BS-ECON"&gt;BS in economics&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers>&lt;p&gt;Our graduates work in places such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Booz Allen Hamilton&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bureau of Labor Statistics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Departments of Commerce and Transportation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Federal Deposit Insurance Commission (FDIC)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heritage Foundation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;PricewaterhouseCoopers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;World Bank&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many have gone on to law schools or other graduate study. Some run their own businesses.&lt;/p&gt;</careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Jill Scharl, Undergraduate Administrative Assistant&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Department of Economics&lt;br /&gt;Enterprise Hall, Room 354&lt;br /&gt;4400 University Drive, MS 3G4&lt;br /&gt;Fairfax, VAVA 22030&lt;br /&gt;703-993-1151&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:economic@gmu.edu"&gt;economic@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:05:23Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>BA</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">120</degree-order-number>
    <department>Economics</department>
    <department-abbreviation>ECON</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://economics.gmu.edu</department-web-site>
    <description>Economics</description>
    <director>&lt;p&gt;Carrie Meyer&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:economic@gmu.edu"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Bachelor of Arts</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">33</id>
    <opportunities>&lt;p&gt;Intern at places such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Smith Barney&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;International Monetary Fund&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;ExxonMobile&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Merrill Lyncy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;BB&amp;amp;T Bank&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Join the Economics Society, a club for students passionate about economics.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Do a reseach project with a faculty member.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Apply to our accelerated master&amp;rsquo;s program in economics.&lt;/p&gt;</opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-BA-ECON</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile>&lt;p&gt;If you want to learn more about our complex society and analyze policy issues from a rational perspective, the economics major at Mason is a great fit for you. Economics provides an excellent foundation for graduate studies in business, law, public policy, or international studies, while also paving the way for many job opportunities.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As a Mason economics major, you will be studying in the department ranked #1 in the southern United States. You will be taking classes from professors well-known for their engaging blogs, including &lt;a href="http://www.cafehayek.com/"&gt;Caf&amp;eacute; Hayek&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://www.marginalrevolution.com/"&gt;Marginal Revolution&lt;/a&gt;. You can join students from across the country who have come to study with Walter E. Williams, notable author, columnist, and radio personality.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Experimental economics, public choice, and the economics of religion are three fields that give Mason&amp;rsquo;s department its altogether unique personality.&lt;/p&gt;</program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;In addition to satisfying the &lt;a href="/gened0910"&gt;university general requirements&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a href="/gened0910"&gt;requirements for a bachelor of arts degree in the College of Humanities and Social Sciences&lt;/a&gt;, students pursuing the degree in economics must complete the coursework distributed as follows.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Four required courses (12 credits): ECON 103, 104, 306, 311&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eight elective courses (24 credits) at the 300 and 400 level&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;OM 210 or STAT 250 and 350&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;MATH 108&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;IT 103&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Students must earn a GPA of at least 2.00 in ECON courses.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some economics courses may fulfill the university-wide general education requirement in global understanding or the CHSS requirement in non-Western culture. Check with the departmental advising office for more information. Economics majors can fulfill the university-wide general education synthesis requirement with ECON 309.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The university requires all students to complete at least one course designated as "writing intensive" in their majors at the 300 level or above. Students majoring in economics fulfill this requirement by successfully completing ECON 320, 345, 350, 360, or 365.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-26T19:12:20Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason>&lt;p&gt;Located minutes from Washington, D.C., we offer you more affordable access to learning and career opportunities than any other university in the region. Because we are close to national and international agencies such as the U.S. Department of Treasury and the World Bank, we provide you with unparalleled internship and career opportunities in the field of economics.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This is an important hub of national and international economic activity, so there are many private-sector jobs in banking, insurance, real estate, budgeting, as well as in the many high-tech industries in Northern Virginia.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Named the #1 national university to watch by &lt;em&gt;U.S. News &amp;amp; World Report&lt;/em&gt;, George Mason University is an innovative, entrepreneurial institution with global distinction in a range of academic fields. Situated in the heart of Northern Virginia's technology corridor, Mason prepares its students to succeed in the work force and to meet the needs of the region and the world.&lt;/p&gt;</why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract>Located minutes from Washington, D.C., we offer you more affordable access to learning and career opportunities than any other university in the region.</why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract></abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">2009-03-31</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Department of Economics&lt;br /&gt;George Mason University&lt;br /&gt;Enterprise 354&lt;br /&gt;4400 University Drive, MS 3G4&lt;br /&gt;Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt;703-993-1130&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2009-03-31T13:44:32Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">false</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Accelerated BA/MA</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">125</degree-order-number>
    <department>Economics</department>
    <department-abbreviation>LA</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site></department-web-site>
    <description>Economics</description>
    <director></director>
    <division></division>
    <effective-date type="date">2009-03-31</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">2009-03-31</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Accelerated Bachelor of Arts/Masters of Arts</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">242</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information nil="true"></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MA-ACEL-ECON</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Highly qualified Mason undergraduates may apply to the accelerated master's degree program and obtain both bachelor's and master's degrees in economics after satisfactory completion of 144 credits. Well-prepared undergraduates are encouraged to apply as they near completion of 90 credits. Admitted students are able to use up to 6 graduate credits in partial fulfillment of requirements for the undergraduate degree. On completion and conferral of the undergraduate degree with satisfactory performance (3.00 in each course, grade of B or better) in graduate courses, students are given advanced standing in the master's program. All other master's degree requirements must be met. Graduates are exceptionally well-prepared for a professional school or a PhD program in economics or a related discipline. Interested students should contact the department for details about the application process.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-03-31T13:44:32Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;Are you good at mathematics and interested in people? If you want to understand our complex society, a major in economics may be just the thing for you. Economics trains students to analyze policy issues from a rational perspective. It provides an excellent background for graduate school in business, law, public policy, or international studies. Economics majors find jobs in banking, marketing, sales, government, data management, and as research assistants with major consulting corporations. Some of our graduates are entrepreneurs and run their own businesses.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The BS degree program is designed for students who desire a more technical program with a stronger emphasis on economic and quantitative analysis. It is especially appropriate for students who anticipate a career as an economic analyst in government, consulting, trade associations, or other private-sector positions that emphasize economic research and analysis. The requirements are also appropriate for students planning postgraduate education in economics or more quantitative business administration programs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The department also offers a &lt;a id="&amp;quot;http://chss.gmu.edu/chss/degrees/index.cfm?programID=30880|&amp;quot;" style="&amp;quot;&amp;quot;" href="../show/LA-BA-ECON"&gt;BA in economics&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers>&lt;p&gt;Our graduates work in places such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Booz Allen Hamilton&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bureau of Labor Statistics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Departments of Commerce and Transportation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Federal Deposit Insurance Commission (FDIC)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heritage Foundation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;PricewaterhouseCoopers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;World Bank&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many have gone on to law schools or other graduate study. Some run their own businesses.&lt;/p&gt;</careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Department of Economics&lt;br /&gt;George Mason University&lt;br /&gt;Enterprise Hall, Room 354&lt;br /&gt;4400 University Drive, MS 3G4&lt;br /&gt;Fairfax, VAVA 22030&lt;br /&gt;703-993-1151&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:economic@gmu.edu"&gt;economic@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:05:11Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>BS</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">130</degree-order-number>
    <department>Economics</department>
    <department-abbreviation>ECON</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://economics.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Economics</description>
    <director>&lt;p&gt;Carrie Meyer&lt;/p&gt;</director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Bachelor of Science</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">34</id>
    <opportunities>&lt;p&gt;Intern at places such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Smith Barney&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;International Monetary Fund&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;ExxonMobile&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Merrill Lyncy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;BB&amp;amp;T Bank&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Join the Economics Society, a club for students passionate about economics.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Do a reseach project with a faculty member.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Apply to our accelerated master&amp;rsquo;s program in economics.&lt;/p&gt;</opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-BS-ECON</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile>&lt;p&gt;If you want to learn more about our complex society and analyze
policy issues from a rational perspective, the economics major at Mason
is a great fit for you. Economics provides an excellent foundation for
graduate studies in business, law, public policy, or international
studies, while also paving the way for many job opportunities.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As a Mason economics major, you will be studying in the department
ranked #1 in the southern United States. You will be taking classes
from professors well-known for their engaging blogs, including Caf&amp;eacute;
Hayek and Marginal Revolution. You can join students from across the
country who have come to study with Walter E. Williams, notable author,
columnist, and radio personality.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Experimental economics, public choice, and the economics of religion
are three fields that give Mason&amp;rsquo;s department its altogether unique
personality.&lt;/p&gt;</program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;In addition to satisfying the &lt;a href="http://chss.gmu.edu/gened0910"&gt;university general education requirements&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a href="http://chss.gmu.edu/gened0910"&gt;requirements for a bachelor of science degree in the College of Humanities and Social Sciences&lt;/a&gt;, students pursuing the BS in economics must complete 57-59 credits of course work including the following:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Five required courses (15 credits): ECON 103, 104, 306, 311, and 345&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eight elective courses (24 credits) at the 300 and 400 level&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;STAT 362 or ACCT 203&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;OM 210 or STAT 250 and 350&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;MATH 113 and 114&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;IT 103&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Eight elective courses (24 credits) chosen from courses in economics at the 300 and 400 level; ECON 385 may not be used to fulfill this requirement.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Students must earn a GPA of at least 2.00 in ECON courses.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If ECON 340 Mathematical Economics is chosen as an elective, students need not take MATH 114; however, MATH 114 is strongly recommended for students considering graduate school in economics and is required for admission to most graduate programs. An additional calculus course beyond MATH 114 is also advisable for students considering graduate study in economics.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some economics courses may fulfill the university-wide general education requirement in global understanding. Check with the departmental advising office for more information. Economics majors can fulfill the university-wide general education synthesis requirement with ECON 309.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The university requires all students to complete at least one course designated "writing intensive" in their majors at the 300 level or above. Students majoring in economics fulfill this requirement by successfully completing ECON 320, 345, 350, 360, or 365.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-09-28T12:19:11Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason>&lt;p&gt;Located minutes from Washington, D.C., we offer you more affordable
access to learning and career opportunities than any other university
in the region. Because we are close to national and international
agencies such as the U.S. Department of Treasury and the World Bank, we
provide you with unparalleled internship and career opportunities in
the field of economics.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This is an important hub of national and international economic
activity, so there are many private-sector jobs in banking, insurance,
real estate, budgeting, as well as in the many high-tech industries in
Northern Virginia.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Named the #1 national university to watch by &lt;em&gt;U.S.
News &amp;amp; World Report&lt;/em&gt;, George Mason University is an innovative,
entrepreneurial institution with global distinction in a range of academic
fields. Situated in the heart of Northern Virginia's technology corridor, Mason
prepares its students to succeed in the work force and to meet the needs of the
region and the world.&lt;/p&gt;</why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract>Located minutes from Washington, D.C., we offer you more affordable access to learning and career opportunities than any other university in the region. </why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;Economic Systems Design is the scientific study of the design, development, testing, and understanding of economic institutions. A minor in economic systems design will prepare students to undertake the scientific process of understanding and developing systems of exchange and their incentives. This minor is both unique and extremely marketable. The skills offered through this minor can be of use to e-commerce designers, policy analysts, systems designers, engineers, and computer scientists.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;David Porter&lt;br /&gt; Truland Building 400P, MSN 1B2&lt;br /&gt; Arlington, VA 22201&lt;br /&gt; 703.993.4841&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:dporter4@gmu.edu"&gt;dporter4@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-11-07T17:32:47Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Minor</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">150</degree-order-number>
    <department>Economics</department>
    <department-abbreviation>ECON</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://www.gmu.edu/departments/economics/</department-web-site>
    <description>Economic Systems Design</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Minor</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">30</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MINOR-ECON-ESD</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this minor must complete 15 credits distributed as follows.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three required courses (9 credits): ECON 440, ECON 441, ECON 442&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two elective courses (6 credits), chosen in consultation with advisor in the minor. Typical courses include: CS 480,&amp;nbsp;CS 483,&amp;nbsp;ECON 335, ECON 415,&amp;nbsp;MATH 441,&amp;nbsp;MIS 491,&amp;nbsp;SYST 420, SYST 470&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-08-04T14:31:17Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;Economics is an essential tool for understanding the complexities of modern society. Economics analyzes how people with limited resources make choices and how we might make better choices. A minor in economics is an extremely flexible and marketable choice. Whether your primary interest is in business, communications, policy, data management, international studies, or engineering, a minor in economics can give you an additional edge in the workplace.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Carrie Meyer&lt;br /&gt; Enterprise Hall 330, MSN 3G4&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt; 703.993.1151&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:economic@gmu.edu"&gt;economic@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-11-07T17:30:26Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Minor</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">150</degree-order-number>
    <department>Economics</department>
    <department-abbreviation>ECON</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://www.gmu.edu/departments/economics/</department-web-site>
    <description>Economics</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Minor</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">35</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MINOR-ECON-ECON</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;The minor consists of 21 credits in economics with a minimum GPA of 2.00.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three required courses (9 credits): ECON 103, ECON 104, ECON 306&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Four elective courses (12 credits) in economics at the 300 or 400 level; ECON 385 may not be used to fulfill this requirement.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A minimum of 9 credits of upper-level economics course work must be taken at Mason. With permission of the department chair or undergraduate director, a course in a closely related field may be substituted for 3 credits of economics electives. A course in statistics is highly recommended, and OM 210, or STAT 250 or 344 may be substituted for up to 3 credits of economics electives.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-08-04T14:33:55Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;Started in 1980, the Graduate Creative Writing Program at George Mason University has earned a national reputation. The core &lt;a href="http://creativewriting.gmu.edu/faculty/index.php"&gt;faculty&lt;/a&gt; consists of internationally recognized writers, and graduates of the program have published with both major and small presses and in national commercial and literary magazines. Faculty are active in such organizations as PEN/Faulkner, which annually awards its prestigious prize in fiction, and the Association of Writers &amp;amp; Writing Programs, which has its national headquarters on campus. Students write for and edit several nationally circulated literary magazines. Admission is competitive. Each year, more than 300 applicants will seek the 38 places (15 each in fiction and poetry, up to 8 in nonfiction). The most important factor in gaining admittance is the quality of the portfolio.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text>&lt;p&gt;In addition to completing the 48 credits of required courses for the MFA, students receiving this concentration must complete the following.&lt;/p&gt;</concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Jennifer Stone, Administrative Coordinator&lt;br /&gt; Robinson Hall A 487, MSN 3E4&lt;br /&gt; 703-993-1180&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:jstone22@gmu.edu"&gt;jstone22@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:05:30Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>MFA</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">40</degree-order-number>
    <department>English</department>
    <department-abbreviation>ENGL</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://creativewriting.gmu.edu</department-web-site>
    <description>Creative Writing</description>
    <director>&lt;p&gt;William Miller, Director&lt;br /&gt; Robinson Hall A 477, MSN 3E4&lt;br /&gt; 703.993.2763&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:wmiller@gmu.edu"&gt;writing@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Master of Fine Arts</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">27</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MFA-CW</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this degree must successfully complete 48 graduate credits, distributed as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two to four courses (6 to 12 credits) in literature&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Four to six courses (12 to 18 credits) in one of the concentrations&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;At least one course (3 credits) in another genre, which may be ENGL 608&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;6 credits in thesis (may be taken in the summer term only with permission of the thesis committee)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;6 to 12 credits in ENGL 608, with a minimum of 6 credits in student&amp;rsquo;s chosen genre&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Up to five courses (15 credits) of electives chosen in consultation with the writing program faculty&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1 credit of ENGL 699&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;With the approval of the MFA faculty, the program director, and the dean, the number of credits required for an MFA may be reduced by a maximum of 20 credits on the basis of graduate course work before admission.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-08-04T15:01:18Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;Students who wish to pursue the MA in English may choose a concentration in literature, cultural studies, professional writing and rhetoric, the teaching of writing and literature, or linguistics. For more information on these options, see the concentrations to the right.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards>&lt;p&gt;We need admission standards.&lt;/p&gt;</admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text>&lt;p&gt;See the university catalog for &lt;a href="http://catalog.gmu.edu/content.php?catoid=5&amp;amp;navoid=104"&gt;policies governing all master's degrees&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Students receiving this concentration must complete 30 graduate credits distributed as follows.&lt;/p&gt;</concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Jennifer Stone&lt;br /&gt;Graduate Program Manager&lt;br /&gt;Robinson Hall A487, MSN 3E4&lt;br /&gt;703.993.1180&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:jstone22@gmu.edu"&gt;jstone22@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:05:34Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>MA</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">60</degree-order-number>
    <department>English</department>
    <department-abbreviation>ENGL</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://english.gmu.edu</department-web-site>
    <description>English</description>
    <director>&lt;p&gt;Tamara Harvey&lt;br /&gt;Director of Graduate Studies&lt;br /&gt;Robinson Hall A 487, MSN 3E4&lt;br /&gt;Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt;703.993.2769&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a id="mailto:dalbanes@gmu.edu" href="mailto:tharvey2@gmu.edu"&gt;tharvey2@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Master of Arts</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">41</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="../../system/file_attachments/325/original/englishMA.pdf"&gt;Information sheet&lt;/a&gt; (.pdf)&lt;/p&gt;</other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MA-ENGL</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students receiving a MA in English must successfully complete 30 credits in graduate English courses in one of the designated concentrations (see list to right).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Students must also demonstrate foreign language proficiency by course work equivalent to Mason's foreign language 210 or by passing a translation test administered by the Department of English.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-22T19:11:10Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;Students who do not seek a full master&amp;rsquo;s degree may be interested in a graduate certificate in professional writing and rhetoric, which comprises courses oriented to workplace uses of language. In addition to the training in pragmatic skills offered, the curriculum is characterized by a self-reflexive attention to workplaces as institutions. Courses on research and theory in nonfiction writing complement instruction in editing, technical writing, digital publication, and other current practices to prepare students for roles as writers and editors in the private and public sectors. Instruction in research methodologies melds archival research with the most current technological advances to equip students with valuable research tools and strategies.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Jennifer Stone&lt;br /&gt;Robinson Hall A 487, MSN 3E4 &lt;br /&gt;Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt;703.993.1180&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:jstone22@gmu.edu"&gt;jstone22@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:05:42Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Graduate Certificate</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">100</degree-order-number>
    <department>English</department>
    <department-abbreviation>ENGL</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://english.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Professional Writing and Rhetoric</description>
    <director>&lt;p&gt;Tamara Harvey&lt;br /&gt;Director of Graduate Studies &lt;br /&gt;Robinson Hall A 487, MSN 3E4 &lt;br /&gt;Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt;703.993.2769&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:tharvey2@gmu.edu"&gt;tharvey2@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Graduate Certificate</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">86</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-CERG-PWE</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this certificate must complete 18 credits of English graduate courses, with a minimum grade of 3.00 in each course.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One core course (3 credits):&amp;nbsp; ENGL 501&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits) in research methods: ENGL 502&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two courses (6 credits) in professional writing and rhetoric: ENGL 503, 504, 508, 611, 612, 613, 697 &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits) in nonfiction writing: 565. 506, 615, 619, 695, 699 &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One elective course (3 credits) &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-08-30T17:44:56Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The certificate in Teaching English as a Second Language (TESL) focuses on the applied aspects of English linguistics. The program offers courses in phonetics, grammar, second language acquisition, teaching ESL, and a practicum. It is designed for students who plan to teach ESL in adult education programs or overseas. The program is self-contained, but students can earn the certificate simultaneously with any graduate degree program. The TESL certificate is fashioned to complement the master&amp;rsquo;s degree in English with a concentration in linguistics.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Steven Weinberger&lt;br /&gt; Robinson Hall A 429, MSN 3E4&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt; 703.993.1188&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:weinberg@gmu.edu"&gt;weinberg@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:05:38Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Graduate Certificate</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">100</degree-order-number>
    <department>English</department>
    <department-abbreviation>ENGL</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://english.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Teaching English as Second Language</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Graduate Certificate</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">104</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="../../system/file_attachments/330/original/linguistics.pdf"&gt;Information sheet&lt;/a&gt; (.pdf)&lt;/p&gt;</other-information>
    <program-code>LA-CERG-TESL</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this certificate must complete 18 credits, earning a grade of 3.00 or better, distributed as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Six required courses (18 credits): LING 520, 521, 522, 523, 525, and 582&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-12T20:57:45Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The certificate in folklore enables students to explore the processes of tradition that move through multiple expressive forms, such as folktales, folk beliefs, folk medicine, folk art, folksong, and literature. A discipline based on ethnographic fieldwork, folklore offers students a chance to work in communities and collect living traditional materials that are critical to human identity and values. Interdisciplinary by nature, folklore thrives on local particularities as well as compelling global connections. This certificate prepares students for careers in cultural agencies, governmental organizations, and teaching institutions, and advanced study in the humanities.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Margaret Yocom&lt;br /&gt;Robinson Hall A 439, MSN 3E4&lt;br /&gt;Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt;703.993.1172&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:myocom@gmu.edu"&gt;myocom@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2008-07-17T10:04:23Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Graduate Certificate</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">100</degree-order-number>
    <department>English</department>
    <department-abbreviation>ENGL</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://english.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Folklore</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Graduate Certificate</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">110</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://folkloreprograms.gmu.edu/"&gt;Folklore Web Site&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="../../system/file_attachments/326/original/folklore.pdf"&gt;Information sheet&lt;/a&gt; (.pdf)&lt;/p&gt;</other-information>
    <program-code>LA-CERG-FLK</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this certificate must complete 18 credits distributed as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Five required courses (15 credits): ENGL 591 (3 credits, may be repeated for different topics), ENGL 798 (1-3 credits); ANTH 750&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One research course (3 credits) chosen from ENGL 701, HIST 610, SOCI 634&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-12T20:58:35Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract></abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers>&lt;p&gt;Our graduates work in:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;education&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;the arts&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;business&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;government&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;professional writing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;law&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many go on to graduate studies in all areas, including Mason&amp;rsquo;s own MFA in creative writing, one of the top programs in the country.&lt;/p&gt;</careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text>&lt;p&gt;In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the BA in English, students receiving this concentration must complete 4 courses (12 credits) chosen from the following or from special topics courses when so designated by the department.&lt;/p&gt;</concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Department of English&lt;br /&gt;George Mason University&lt;br /&gt;Robinson Hall, Room A487&lt;br /&gt;4400 University Drive, MS 3E4&lt;br /&gt;Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt;703-993-1160&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:english@gmu.edu"&gt;english@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:lscott@gmu.edu"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:05:46Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>BA</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">120</degree-order-number>
    <department>English</department>
    <department-abbreviation>ENGL</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://english.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>English</description>
    <director>&lt;p&gt;Debra Shutika&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:rmatz@gmu.edu"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Bachelor of Arts</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">42</id>
    <opportunities>&lt;p&gt;Intern in technical writing at places such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Smithsonian Institution&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Library of Congress&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Folger Shakespeare Library&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Falls Church News Press&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Entertainment Industry Council&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you excel in the classroom, apply to the English honors program. Work closely with a professor on a research project of your own.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Complete licensure to teach English in the public schools.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Consider the accelerated master&amp;rsquo;s program in linguistics.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Study abroad with Mason&amp;rsquo;s &lt;a href="http://globaled.gmu.edu"&gt;Center for Global Education&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-BA-ENGL</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile>&lt;p&gt;Mason&amp;rsquo;s English degree is &lt;em&gt;not &lt;/em&gt;a conventional one. As an English major, you can study the poetry of Milton and learn to write digital poetry. You can specialize in Renaissance literature or modern world literature. You can take courses on the folklore of Mexico or the films of Bollywood. You can learn about traditional rhetorical strategies and how they have been adopted to the internet age.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Mason&amp;rsquo;s English department combines the advantages of a large research institution with the personal attention of a small college. Because we will teach you to read critically and write carefully, our classes are uniquely small for a university our size. You will develop these important skills not just by reading traditional texts, but also through the use of technologies such as blogs, wikis, and multimedia production. You will be able to develop close relationships with faculty who are committed to their students and recognized experts in their fields.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As an English major, you will have the skills necessary for any profession &amp;ndash; teaching, journalism, creative writing, law, management, and more.&lt;/p&gt;</program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;In addition to satisfying &lt;a href="http://chss.gmu.edu/gened0910"&gt;university general education requirements&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a href="http://chss.gmu.edu/gened0910"&gt;requirements for a bachelor of arts degree in the College of Humanities and Social Sciences&lt;/a&gt;, students pursuing this degree must complete 30 credits (nine courses) in English beyond ENGL 302 with a minimum GPA of 2.00. Students must achieve a GPA of 2.00 in each course counting toward the English major. The 30 credits are distributed as follows.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One required course (6 credits): ENGL 325 Dimensions of Writing and Literature.*&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Four courses (12 credits) in a concentration chosen from the list to the right.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Four core courses (12 credits), distributed as follows:  
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits) in literature before 1800 (may simultaneously satisfy a concentration). This requirement is satisfied by ENGL 335/336, 400, 401, 402, 404, 405, 431, 440, 443, 450, 471, 472, 474, and by special topics courses as approved by the -department.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits) in literature before 1915 (may simultaneously satisfy a concentration). This requirement is satisfied by courses listed above; by ENGL 368, 370, 406, 407, 423, 425, 436, 452, 453; and by special topics courses as approved by the department.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits)&amp;nbsp; in minority, folkloric, or popular literary and cultural traditions (may simultaneously satisfy a concentration). This requirement is satisfied by ENGL 333, 334, 349, 350, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 375, 439, 460, 479, 480, 481, 491, 492, 493, and by special topics courses as approved by the department.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits)&amp;nbsp; of an elective above ENGL 302.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;*Fulfills the university writing-intensive requirement.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Students should consult with an English Department advisor to learn about ways in which the university-wide general education requirements can also satisfy college-level requirements or the English major. Graduating majors participate in assessment of the degree by preparing a dossier of writing completed in their upper-level courses.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-09-28T12:20:24Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason>&lt;p&gt;The Smithsonian Institution, the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, the Library of Congress &amp;ndash; just three reasons why Mason is an ideal place to study English. Located minutes from Washington, D.C., we offer you more affordable access to learning and career opportunities than any other university in the region.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Faculty members often incorporate the unique resources of our region into their courses &amp;ndash; attending a play at the Folger Theater as part of a course on Shakespeare, for instance.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Named the #1 national university to watch by &lt;em&gt;U.S.
News &amp;amp; World Report&lt;/em&gt;, George Mason University is an innovative,
entrepreneurial institution with global distinction in a range of academic
fields. Situated in the heart of Northern Virginia's technology corridor, Mason
prepares its students to succeed in the work force and to meet the needs of the
region and the world.&lt;/p&gt;</why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract>The Smithsonian Institution, the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, the Library of Congress &#8211; just three reasons why Mason is an ideal location to study English.</why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract></abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">2009-03-31</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Department of English&lt;br /&gt;George Mason University&lt;br /&gt;Robinson, Room A475&lt;br /&gt;4400 University Drive, MSN 3E4&lt;br /&gt;Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt;703-993-1160&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2009-03-31T13:49:40Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">false</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Accelerated BA/MA</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">125</degree-order-number>
    <department>English</department>
    <department-abbreviation>LA</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site></department-web-site>
    <description>English</description>
    <director></director>
    <division></division>
    <effective-date type="date">2009-03-31</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">2009-03-31</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Accelerated Bachelor of Arts/Masters of Arts</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">243</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information nil="true"></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MA-ACEL-ENGL</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Highly qualified Mason undergraduates in any major may apply to the accelerated master's degree program and obtain a BA in their chosen major and an MA in English with a concentration in linguistics after satisfactory completion of 144 credits. Well prepared undergraduates are encouraged to apply as they near completion of 90 credits. Satisfactory performance in LING 326 and one other LING course are a prerequisite for admission. Admitted students are able to use up to 6 graduate credits in partial fulfillment of requirements for the undergraduate degree. On completion and conferral of the undergraduate degree with satisfactory performance in graduate courses (minimum grade of 3.0 in each course), students are given advanced standing in the master's program. All other master's degree requirements must be met. Interested students should contact the director of linguistics for details about the application process.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-04-13T14:39:10Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The PhD in linguistics trains students in the science of language.  Students become specialists in the core areas of linguistics-- phonology, syntax, and semantics --and learn to integrate this core with the study of second language acquisition. This 72-credit degree program prepares students for positions in academia, industry, and government working in a host of organizations that are concerned with language and second language acquisition. They might be research and teaching professors, administrators of language-learning programs, or consultants in computational linguistic research.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">2009-04-08</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Linguistics Program&lt;br /&gt; Department of English&lt;br /&gt; Robinson Hall A475&lt;br /&gt; 703-993-1160&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:englgrad@gmu.edu"&gt;englgrad@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2009-04-08T19:05:10Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">false</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>PhD</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">125</degree-order-number>
    <department>English</department>
    <department-abbreviation>ENGL</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://english.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Linguistics</description>
    <director></director>
    <division></division>
    <effective-date type="date">2009-04-08</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">2009-04-08</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Doctor of Philosophy</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">249</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://linguistics.gmu.edu"&gt;Linguistics Web Site&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://chss.gmu.edu/system/file_attachments/330/original/linguistics.pdf"&gt;Information sheet&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</other-information>
    <program-code>LA-PHD-LING</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;To receive the PhD, students are must complete a minimum of 72 credits of course work, of which no more than 24 credits may be in LING 998/999.  Students must submit two qualifying papers in linguistics.  Students who enter with a master's degree in linguistics may have their credit requirement reduced by up to 30 credits at the discretion of the department.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h4 style="padding-left: 30px;"&gt;Three courses (9 credits) in phonology:&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p style="padding-left: 60px;"&gt;LING 690 - Generative Phonology Credits: 3&lt;br /&gt;LING 692 - Phonology II Credits: 3&lt;br /&gt;LING 890 - Advanced Phonology Seminar Credits: 3&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul style="padding-left: 60px;"&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h4 style="padding-left: 30px;"&gt;Three courses (9 credits) in syntax:&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p style="padding-left: 60px;"&gt;LING 786 - Syntax I Credits: 3&lt;br /&gt;LING 787 - Syntax II Credits: 3&lt;br /&gt;LING 886 - Advanced Syntax Seminar Credits: 3&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul style="padding-left: 60px;"&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h4 style="padding-left: 30px;"&gt;Two courses (6 credits) in semantics/pragmatics:&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p style="padding-left: 60px;"&gt;LING 785 - Semantics and Pragmatics Credits: 3&lt;br /&gt;LING 788 - Semantics and Pragmatics II Credits: 3&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul style="padding-left: 60px;"&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h4 style="padding-left: 30px;"&gt;Two courses in (6 credits) in language acquisition:&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p style="padding-left: 60px;"&gt;LING 582 - Second Language Acquisition Credits: 3&lt;br /&gt;LING 782 - Second Language Acquisition II Credits: 3&lt;br /&gt;LING 882 - Seminar in Language Acquisition Credits: 3&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h4 style="padding-left: 30px;"&gt;One course (3 credits) in research methodology:&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p style="padding-left: 60px;"&gt;LING 770 - Research Methods Credits: 3&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h4 style="padding-left: 30px;"&gt;Seminars (6 credits):&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p style="padding-left: 60px;"&gt;Two seminar courses in two chosen fields&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h4 style="padding-left: 30px;"&gt;Five elective courses (15 credits) chosen from:&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p style="padding-left: 60px;"&gt;LING 507 - Field Work in Applied Linguistics Credits: 3&lt;br /&gt;LING 521 - Applied Linguistics: Teaching English as a Second Language Credits: 3&lt;br /&gt;LING 522 - Modern English Grammar Credits: 3&lt;br /&gt;LING 523 - Descriptive Aspects of English Phonetics and Phonology Credits: 3&lt;br /&gt;LING 525 - Practicum in ESL Credits: 3&lt;br /&gt;LING 581 - Psycholinguistics Credits: 3&lt;br /&gt;LING 650 - Introduction to Sociolinguistics Credits: 3&lt;br /&gt;LING 691 - Theories of Language Credits: 3&lt;br /&gt;LING 798 - Directed Reading and Research Credits: 1-3&lt;br /&gt;ENGL 592 - Historical Studies of the English Language Credits: 3&lt;br /&gt;FREN 560 - History of the French Language Credits: 3&lt;br /&gt;FREN 575 - Grammatical Analysis Credits: 3&lt;br /&gt;FRLN 565 - Theory of Translation Credits: 3&lt;br /&gt;SOCI 531 - Statistical Reasoning Credits: 3&lt;br /&gt;SPAN 500 - History of the Spanish Language Credits: 3&lt;br /&gt;SPAN 501 - Applied Spanish Grammar Credits: 3&lt;br /&gt;SPAN 502 - Hispanic Sociolinguistics Credits: 3&lt;br /&gt;PSYC 615 - Language Development Credits: 3&lt;br /&gt;CS 580 - Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Credits: 3&lt;br /&gt;CSI 600 - Quantitative Foundations for Computational Sciences Credits: 3&lt;br /&gt;CSI 606 - Scientific Graphics and Visualization Tools Credits: 1&lt;br /&gt;CSI 607 - Database Tools for Scientists Credits: 1&lt;br /&gt;CSS 600 - Introduction to Computational Social Science Credits: 3&lt;br /&gt;NEUR 604 - Ethics in Scientific Research Credits: 1-3&lt;br /&gt;EDUC 611 - Cultural Issues in Second Language Acquisition Credits: 3&lt;br /&gt;EDCI 516 - Bilingualism and Language Acquisition Research Credits: 3&lt;br /&gt;EDCI 569 - Teaching English in the Secondary School Credits: 3&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h4 style="padding-left: 30px;"&gt;Two qualifying papers (6 credits):&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p style="padding-left: 60px;"&gt;LING 898 - Advanced Independent Study Credits: 3&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h4 style="padding-left: 30px;"&gt;Doctoral Dissertation (12 credits):&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p style="padding-left: 60px;"&gt;LING 998 - Doctoral Dissertation Proposal Credits: 1-6&lt;br /&gt;LING 999 - Doctoral Dissertation Credits: 1-12&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul style="padding-left: 30px;"&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-09T15:05:06Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;English minors learn about the relationships between literature and history, society, culture, gender, and psychology. English minors also gain skills in writing and communicating their thoughts. The underlying benefit of these varied studies is an increased sensitivity to language and an increased confidence in using it, whether in spoken or written forms. With the strong communication and analytical skills developed in earning an English minor, graduates may pursue a wide variety of careers in media organizations, trade and professional associations, non-profit organizations related to the arts, schools, social change, and a variety of businesses.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Laura Scott&lt;br /&gt; Robinson Hall A 481, MSN 3E4&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt; 703.993.1179&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:lscott@gmu.edu"&gt;lscott@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-11-07T17:31:13Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Minor</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">150</degree-order-number>
    <department>English</department>
    <department-abbreviation>ENGL</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://english.gmu.edu</department-web-site>
    <description>English</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Minor</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">40</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MINOR-ENGL-ENGL</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this minor must complete 18 credits above ENGL 302 with a minimum 2.00 GPA distributed as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One required course (6 credits): ENGL 325&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three courses in a concentration listed under the English major or three courses that satisfy the core requirements for the major (9 credits)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One elective course (3 credits)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The minor must be approved by the English Department undergraduate advisor before graduation. In accordance with university policy, at least 8 credits must be applied only to the minor and may not be used to fulfill requirements of the student&amp;rsquo;s major, concentration, or another minor. For policies governing all minors, see the Academic Policies chapter of this catalog.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-08-11T14:00:24Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;Are you thinking about teaching ESL in a foreign country or at an adult ESL center in the United States? The undergraduate minor in TESL may be what you are looking for. It prepares students to understand the learning and teaching of English as a second language. The minor in TESL is an 18-credit hour program that combines linguistic theory, second language acquisition theory, and ESL teaching methods.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The minor in TESL may be pursued concurrently with any undergraduate major.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Steven Weinberger&lt;br /&gt; Director of the Linguistics Program&lt;br /&gt; Robinson Hall A 429, MSN 3E4&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt; 703.993.1188&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:weinberg@gmu.edu"&gt;weinberg@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-11-07T17:33:03Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Minor</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">150</degree-order-number>
    <department>English</department>
    <department-abbreviation>ENGL</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://english.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Teaching English as Second Language</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Minor</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">105</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MINOR-ENGL-TESL</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this minor complete 18 credits distributed as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Five required courses (15 credits): LING 322, 326, 521, 523, and 582&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One elective course (3 credits) chosen from ANTH 114; COMM 305; ENGL 327; LING 450, 485, 486, 490, 499, 525; or any course (3 credits) in a foreign language beyond the college requirement for the BA degree&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Other suitable elective courses may be applied to the minor with the prior approval of the director. In accordance with university policy, at least 8 credits must be applied only to the minor and may not be used to fulfill requirements of the student&amp;rsquo;s major, concentration, or another minor.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-08-11T14:08:49Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;Native American and indigenous studies is an interdisciplinary field of study committed to understanding both the unity and the diversity of present and past Native American tribes, cultures, and experiences. This interdisciplinary minor will help students think critically and respectfully about the complex dynamics of Native American cultures, considered both individually and comparatively. In addition to practicing and developing critical thinking and writing skills, students in this interdisciplinary minor will learn how value systems operate in different cultures, examine the roots of conflict and resolution across a broad historical and cultural spectrum, better understand the importance of language as a means of cultural expression, and heighten their appreciation of the unique status of present-day Native American tribes as nations with certain sovereign powers within the boundaries of the United States.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In addition to a required course that introduces key concepts, events, figures, and methodological approaches, students will take five 3-credit elective courses from no fewer than three departments. The course work for this minor will enable students to examine Native American cultures from a variety of disciplinary perspectives, including those that are anthropological, historical, artistic, philosophical, and political.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information></contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2008-07-27T16:43:47Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Minor</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">150</degree-order-number>
    <department>English</department>
    <department-abbreviation>LA</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site></department-web-site>
    <description>Native American and Indigenous Studies</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Minor</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">115</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MINOR-LA-NAIS</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing in this minor complete 6 courses (18 credits) distributed as follows:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One required course (3 credits): NAIS 201 &amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Five elective courses (15 credits), chosen from ANTH 301, 302, 307, 399, 428; ENGL 311, 333; HIST 340, 391, 401, 403, 404, 418; MUSI 103; SOCI 308&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Special topics courses and summer field work offerings, when relevant, may be used to fulfill elective credits for the minor with prior approval of the coordinator.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No more than two courses from a single department can be applied to the minor. No more than 3 credits can be applied to both university general education requirements and the minor. A minimum GPA of 2.00 is required for course work in this minor.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-08-11T14:14:56Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The master of arts in global affairs is an interdisciplinary program offering students the opportunity to engage in advanced study of a broad range of international global issues. Students complete a core curriculum that provides the knowledge and skills to think and act globally and then select a specialization. The possible specializations reflect the strengths of George Mason in the global arena including global economics and development, international management, international education, international health. They include courses offered by academic departments across the university. All students in the program take part in a residency abroad, typically two weeks in duration, and complete a capstone seminar or thesis. Graduates of the program are prepared for careers in a wide variety of international contexts.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">2009-03-11</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements>&lt;p&gt;Applicants to the master's degree in global affairs must meet the university admission standards and the application requirements for graduate study. See the Graduate Admission Policies  section of the catalog. In addition, applicants must submit two letters of recommendation from individuals familiar with the applicant's qualifications for graduate study and a satisfactory score on the GRE.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Applicants will need to present evidence an advanced professional competency in a second language (other than English) that is widely used in contemporary international communication. Evidence of language competency may be demonstrated either through testing by Language Testing International or through other means approved by the College of Humanities and Social Sciences.&lt;/p&gt;</application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;T. Mills Kelly&lt;br /&gt;George Mason University&lt;br /&gt;College Hall, Room 108&lt;br /&gt;4400 University Drive, MS 3A3&lt;br /&gt;Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt;703-993-2152&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:globalma@gmu.edu"&gt;globalma@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2009-03-11T15:06:45Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">false</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>MA</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer" nil="true"></degree-order-number>
    <department>Global Affairs</department>
    <department-abbreviation>LA</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://globalaffairs.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Global Affairs</description>
    <director></director>
    <division></division>
    <effective-date type="date">2009-03-10</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">2009-03-11</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Master of Arts</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">240</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="../../system/file_attachments/340/original/GLOA_Grad.pdf"&gt;Information sheet&lt;/a&gt; (.pdf)&lt;/p&gt;</other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MA-GLOA</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate </program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this degree must complete 30 credits distributed as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h4 style="padding-left: 30px;"&gt;Four core Courses (12 credits):&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;blockquote style="padding-left: 60px;"&gt;GLOA 600 - Global Competencies&lt;br /&gt;GLOA 610 - Economic Globalization and Development&lt;br /&gt;GLOA 620 - Human Systems&lt;br /&gt;GLOA 710 - Seminar Abroad 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;ul style="padding-left: 30px;"&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h4 style="padding-left: 30px;"&gt;One course (3 credits) chosen from:&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;blockquote style="padding-left: 60px;"&gt;ITRN 602 - International Financial Institutions and Globalization &lt;br /&gt; ITRN 603 - International Trade Relations &lt;br /&gt; GCH 560 - Environmental Health  
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;ul style="padding-left: 30px;"&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h4 style="padding-left: 30px;"&gt;Four courses (12 credits) in a specialization:&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;blockquote style="padding-left: 60px;"&gt;The specialization is developed in consultation with an advisor and approved by the director of the program. Specializations reflect the strengths of George Mason in the global arena including global economics and development, international management, international education, international health. 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;ul style="padding-left: 30px;"&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h4 style="padding-left: 30px;"&gt;One capstone seminar (3 credits):&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;blockquote style="padding-left: 60px;"&gt;GLOA 720 - Capstone Seminar 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;ul style="padding-left: 30px;"&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-12T20:58:57Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;Global affairs is an interdisciplinary major that introduces students to the global processes affecting all socities. Study abroad and internships are strongly encouraged. Students can complement their major with a second major or a minor.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers>&lt;p&gt;Our graduates work at:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;FBI&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Nuclear Regulatory Commission&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;National Cooperation Business Association&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Target Corporation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;They are employed in a host of other governmental agencies and for-profit and nonprofit organizations -- domestic, international, and multi-national.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Many graduates have gone on to law school or graduate school at places such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Columbia University&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Johns Hopkins University&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;London School of Economics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion>&lt;p&gt;Courses in the concentration must come from at least two different departments or programs and cannot be applied to any other major, minor, concentration, or certificate. In addition to the courses listed, other relevant courses, including special topics courses, study abroad, and internships, may be applied to a concentration with prior written approval of the director. Students must have a minimum grade of C- (1.67) in each of the courses used to fulfill the concentration.&lt;/p&gt;</concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text>&lt;p&gt;In addition to the other requirements for the BA in global affairs, students receiving this concentration must complete 12 credits chosen from the following list of courses.&lt;/p&gt;</concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Global Affairs Program&lt;br /&gt;George Mason University&lt;br /&gt;Robinson Hall B, Room 441&lt;br /&gt;4400 University Drive, MS 6B4&lt;br /&gt;Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt;703.993.9185&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:gloa@gmu.edu"&gt;gloa@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:gloa@gmu.edu"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:10:19Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>BA</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">120</degree-order-number>
    <department>Global Affairs</department>
    <department-abbreviation>LA</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://gloa.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Global Affairs</description>
    <director>&lt;p&gt;Ming Wan&lt;/p&gt;</director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Bachelor of Arts</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">49</id>
    <opportunities>&lt;p&gt;Intern at places such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;U.S. Department of State&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;U.S. Congress&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;CIA or FBI&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Foreign embassies in D.C.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;U.S. embassies abroad&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Amnesty International&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Study abroad with Mason&amp;rsquo;s &lt;a href="http://globaled.gmu.edu"&gt;Center for Global Education&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</opportunities>
    <other-information>&lt;h4&gt;Information sheets&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="../../system/file_attachments/481/original/UG_Global_affairs_fact_sheet.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;Global Affairs (.pdf)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="../../system/file_attachments/466/original/Global_Minors_fact_sheet_formatted.pdf"&gt;Global Minors (.pdf)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</other-information>
    <program-code>LA-BA-GLOA</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile>&lt;p&gt;Mason&amp;rsquo;s global affairs degree is designed for students who are interested in international affairs and the global processes that affect all societies. As a global affairs major, you will study with international experts and learn about global politics, economics, culture, and international development. You will study specific geographic regions and investigate the ways in which they are shaped by these global processes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In global affairs, you will start with a common set of courses and then choose a concentration. You can focus on a theme (the global economy, international development, the environment, the arts, etc.) or on a world region (Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, the Middle East, or Russia and Central Asia).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As a global affairs graduate, you will have an understanding of historical and contemporary global trends, advanced language skills, and, should you choose it, study abroad experience. You will be well prepared for an international career or advanced graduate study.&lt;/p&gt;</program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;In addition to satisfying &lt;a href="../../gened0910"&gt;university general education requirements&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="../..//chss.gmu.edu/gened0910"&gt;the requirements for a bachelor of arts degree in the College of Humanities and Social Sciences&lt;/a&gt;, student pursuing this degree must complete 36 credits with a minimum cumulative GPA of 2.00 distributed as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Six core courses (18 credits): GLOA 101 or SOCI 120, CONF 340, CULT 320, ECON 385, EVPP 337, and GOVT 322&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Four courses (12 credits) in an approved concentration (chosen from list to right)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;9 credits of language courses beyond 210 or 6 credits beyond 202.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Students must have a minimum grade of C (2.00) in each of the core courses and a minimum grade of C- (1.67) in each of the courses used to fulfill the concentration and the language requirement for the global affairs major. Students who major in global affairs may not also earn the minor in global systems or receive credit for ECON 390.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-11-14T14:48:18Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason>&lt;p&gt;Intern at places like the U.S. Department of State, the news network Al Jazeera, and foreign embassies. Located minutes from Washington, D.C., we offer you more affordable access to learning and career opportunities than any other university in the region.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;With the U.S. State Department and many internationally oriented nonprofit organizations, the D.C. area is probably the most important hub of international activity in the world. You have unique opportunities for internships and research projects that connect the classroom to the world.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Named the #1 national university to watch by &lt;em&gt;U.S. News &amp;amp; World Report&lt;/em&gt;, George Mason University is an innovative, entrepreneurial institution with global distinction in a range of academic fields. Situated in the heart of Northern Virginia's technology corridor, Mason prepares its students to succeed in the work force and to meet the needs of the region and the world.&lt;/p&gt;</why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract>Intern at places like the U.S. Department of State, the news network Al Jazeera, and foreign embassies. </why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract></abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">2009-03-27</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Global Affairs Graduate Program&lt;br /&gt;George Mason University&lt;br /&gt;College Hall, Room 108&lt;br /&gt;4400 University Drive, MS 3A3&lt;br /&gt;Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt;703-993-2152&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:globalma@gmu.edu"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2009-03-27T14:49:01Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">false</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Accelerated BA/MA</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">145</degree-order-number>
    <department>Global Affairs</department>
    <department-abbreviation>LA</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://globalaffairs.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Global Affairs </description>
    <director>&lt;p&gt;T. Mills Kelly&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:globalma@gmu.edu"&gt;globalma@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:globalma@gmu.edu"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">2009-03-27</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">2009-03-27</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Accelerated Bachelor of Arts/Masters of Arts</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">241</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information nil="true"></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MA-ACEL-GLOA</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Highly qualified undergraduates in any major may apply to the accelerated master's degree program in Global Affairs. If accepted, and depending on their undergraduate major, students will be able to earn an undergraduate degree in their chosen major and a graduate degree in global affairs after satisfactory completion of 144 credits, sometimes within five years.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Well-prepared undergraduates are encouraged to apply as they near completion of 90 credits. Admitted students are able to use up to 6 graduate credits (courses at the 500 or 600 level) in partial fulfillment of requirements for the undergraduate degree. On completion and conferral of the undergraduate degree with satisfactory performance in graduate courses (minimum grade of 3.00 in each course), students are given advanced standing in the master's program. A maximum of 6 graduate credits may also be taken as reserve graduate credit and only applied to the master's degree. All other master's degree requirements must be met.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Applicants must have a cumulative GPA of 3.40 or higher and submit an application, two letters of recommendation, a writing sample, and evidence of advanced professional competency in a second language (other than English) that is widely used in contemporary international communication. Applications for the accelerated master's program may be obtained from the director of the graduate program in global affairs.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-04-22T11:29:01Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;Are you interested in international issues? Globalization? Study abroad and international experiences? Learning languages? Join the more than 250 students in the Global Affairs Program and add a global perspective to your education.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Ming Wan&lt;br /&gt; Director of Global Affairs&lt;br /&gt; Robinson Hall A119B, MSN 3G5&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt; 703.993.2955&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:gloa@gmu.edu"&gt;gloa@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-11-07T17:32:13Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Minor</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">150</degree-order-number>
    <department>Global Affairs</department>
    <department-abbreviation>LA</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://globalaffairs.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Global Affairs</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Minor</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">50</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MINOR-LA-GLOA</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this minor must complete 15 credits distributed as follows: &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Five courses (15 credits) chosen from GLOA 101 or SOCI 120, CULT 320, ECON 385, GOVT 322, CONF 340 or EVPP 337&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In accordance with university policy, at least 8 credits must be applied only to the minor and may not be used to fulfill requirements of the student&amp;rsquo;s major, concentration, or another minor. For policies governing all minors, see the Academic Policies chapter of this catalog.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-08-11T17:24:39Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The doctor of arts in community college education (DACCE) prepares students to be leaders in undergraduate education. In addition to expertise in a selected disciplinary or interdisciplinary knowledge area, graduates are proficient in four core areas related to undergraduate education: scholarly activity related to teaching and learning; effective integration of technology in the teaching and learning process; pedagogy appropriate to the discipline; and program and curriculum design, development, and assessment. With this background and the guided practical experience provided by internships, students are prepared to lead their institutions to respond to the changing needs of 21st-century students.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h4 id="&amp;quot;application_requirements&amp;quot;"&gt;Application Requirements&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Students are accepted for the fall semester only. Applications submitted after the posted deadline will be considered on a space-available basis. In addition to meeting admission requirements for graduate study at Mason, applicants should have a master&amp;rsquo;s degree, and submit a writing sample, a statement of purpose, three letters of recommendation, GRE scores, and a r&amp;eacute;sum&amp;eacute;.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information></contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2008-07-17T10:15:06Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>DA</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">20</degree-order-number>
    <department>Higher Education</department>
    <department-abbreviation>HEP</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://highered.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Community College Education</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Doctor of Arts</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">37</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="../../system/file_attachments/328/original/highered.pdf"&gt;Information sheet&lt;/a&gt; (.pdf)&lt;/p&gt;</other-information>
    <program-code>LA-DA-EDCC</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this degree must complete a minimum of 60 credits beyond the master&amp;rsquo;s degree, distributed as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;21 credits in a knowledge area, including 3 credits of methodology&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Four courses (12 credits) in the education core: CTCH 601, 602, 603, 604, and two electives (6 credits) from approved list of courses&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;6 credits of internships (CTCH 885)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;12 credits of dissertation (CTCH 998, 999)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Once enrolled in 998, students must maintain continuous registration in 998 or 999 each semester until graduation, excluding summers. Once they meet the 12 credit requirement, they may register for 1 credit of 999 per semester to maintain enrollment. Students who defend in the summer must be registered for at least 1 credit of 999 in the summer.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Within the 60 credits, a minimum of 6 credits must be in courses with a technology focus. These include the required CTCH 603, courses in the knowledge area, or electives in the education core, as approved by the program director.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h4 id="&amp;quot;knowledge_area&amp;quot;"&gt;Knowledge Area&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Substantial work in a knowledge area is essential to the leadership in curriculum expected of students. Given the dynamic nature of the community college and growth of programs in nontraditional fields, the choice of a knowledge area and relevant course work should be guided by the student&amp;rsquo;s developing interests and a vision of the student&amp;rsquo;s role as a community college educator. While many DACCE students take their 21 knowledge area credits exclusively in one discipline or department, they are encouraged to think broadly and in terms of multiple disciplines and work with their advisor to choose appropriate courses from more than one discipline or department.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h4 id="&amp;quot;education_core&amp;quot;"&gt;Education Core&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The 18-credit core of education courses is designed to develop leaders in undergraduate education. The program emphasizes a broad knowledge base in teaching and course work in the history and philosophy of the community college and instructional technology. These courses concentrate on scholarship and practice in teaching and learning, instructional technology, and program and curriculum design and assessment. All courses emphasize leadership, ethics, and diversity in higher education.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h4 id="&amp;quot;internships&amp;quot;"&gt;Internships&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Students participate in two 3-credit internships to learn skills applicable to college-based teaching and higher education administration or policy. Internships provide an important educational experience that complements classroom-based course work. Students doing an internship should have completed 18 credits of education core requirements, 6 credits in the knowledge area, and an approved program of study. Internships, which must be approved by the advisor and internship coordinator, require a minimum of 180 hours of work for 3 credits and participation in an internship seminar.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h4 id="&amp;quot;program_of_study&amp;quot;"&gt;Program of Study&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Working with an advisor, students develop a program of study that outlines courses that will be used to fulfill degree requirements. The program of study is approved by the advisor and director; any modifications require the student to file a revised program of study.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h4 id="&amp;quot;candidacy_exams&amp;quot;"&gt;Candidacy Exams&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Students must pass candidacy exams to demonstrate breadth and depth of knowledge in both the knowledge area and education core. To be eligible to take a candidacy exam, students need to have completed all course work in the specific area, be in good standing (minimum cumulative GPA of 3.00), and be registered for at least 1 credit. The competency exam for the education core is a written exam administered by the Higher Education Program. The knowledge area exams are administered by the liaison in the knowledge area; each area has its own exam guidelines.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Students who do not pass a candidacy exam in either area have until the last day of the next semester (published in the &lt;em&gt;Schedule of Classes&lt;/em&gt;) to retake it. (For students who take exams in the summer months, this will be the published date for the fall semester.) Students who do not retake the exam by this deadline or do not successfully complete the candidacy exam the second time will be terminated from the program.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h4 id="&amp;quot;advancement_to_candidacy&amp;quot;"&gt;Advancement to Candidacy&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To advance to candidacy, students must complete all course work required on their approved program of study. Students must also successfully complete and pass comprehensive exams on the education core and the major knowledge area. In addition, students must have a dissertation committee appointed by the Dean&amp;rsquo;s Office as well as an approved proposal. Evidence of the approved proposal must be on file in the Dean&amp;rsquo;s Office before a student can be advanced to candidacy.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h4 id="&amp;quot;dissertation&amp;quot;"&gt;Dissertation&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In the dissertation, students demonstrate an ability to conduct original research that contributes new knowledge or a reinterpretation of existing knowledge to the area of investigation. Students who focus their dissertation in the knowledge area must connect their research to higher education. Dissertations may be practice-oriented, focusing on new and replicable ways of teaching within the knowledge area.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To register for dissertation proposal (998), students need to have an approved program of study and must have completed the two internships, all other course work, and candidacy exams in the education core and the knowledge area. To register for dissertation research (999), students must be advanced to candidacy. Students enrolled in 999 are required to submit evidence of progress to the dissertation advisor and the program by the last day of classes each semester (as published in the Schedule of Classes), such as a draft of a chapter or a brief, descriptive report of research activities. Students showing successful progress will receive a grade of IP. Those who do not will receive an IN.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Students are required to take at least 3 credits of doctoral dissertation proposal (998) and 3 credits of doctoral dissertation (999), and must complete a total of 12 credits of 998 and 999 combined.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-12T20:59:20Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The certificate is designed for graduate students who are planning a career in undergraduate education. The program offers courses that enhance pedagogical skills, explore pedagogical assessment or scholarship and the use of technology in instruction.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Students must apply for admission to the certificate program and meet the admission standards and application requirements for all graduate students as stated in the Graduate Admissions Policies section.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information></contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2008-07-17T10:31:41Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Graduate Certificate</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">100</degree-order-number>
    <department>Higher Education</department>
    <department-abbreviation>HEP</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://highered.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>College Teaching</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Graduate Certificate</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">111</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="../../system/file_attachments/328/original/highered.pdf"&gt;Information sheet&lt;/a&gt; (.pdf)&lt;/p&gt;</other-information>
    <program-code>LA-CERG-CTCH</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this certificate must complete 18 credits distributed as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three required courses (9 credits): CTCH 602, 603, and either 604 or 605; or equivalents with a specific disciplinary focus&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two elective courses (6 credits), chosen in consultation with an advisor and with approval of the director&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;3 credits of practicum: CTCH 685&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-12T20:59:44Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The certificate in higher education administration is designed for individuals who are planning or enhancing a career in a broad range of administrative positions in higher education institutions. The certificate will provide core knowledge for administrative processes in the context of higher education institutions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Students must apply for admission to the certificate program and meet the admission standards and application requirements for all graduate students as stated in the Graduate Admissions Policies section.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information></contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2008-07-17T10:35:33Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Graduate Certificate</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">100</degree-order-number>
    <department>Higher Education</department>
    <department-abbreviation>HEP</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://highered.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Higher Education Administration</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Graduate Certificate</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">112</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="../../system/file_attachments/328/original/highered.pdf"&gt;Information sheet&lt;/a&gt; (.pdf)&lt;/p&gt;</other-information>
    <program-code>LA-CERG-HEDA</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this certificate must complete 18 credits distributed as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three required courses (9 credits): CTCH 621, 622, 624&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits) chosen from CTCH 603, 606, 626, or 645. Special topics courses, when relevant, may be used to fulfill elective credits with the prior approval of the coordinator.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two elective courses (6 credits), chosen in consultation with an advisor&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-12T21:00:04Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The PhD in history prepares students for careers in college teaching, digital media, publishing, educational administration, public history, and historical research. Students gain expertise in both conventional historical methods and web-based technologies. Major fields include U.S. history, European history, and world history; minor fields are chosen by the student and can include areas such as public history, constitutional studies, and new media and information technology. Depending on career goals and interests, students can also focus their degrees in one of four areas:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;College/university teaching&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;New media and information technology&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Public and applied history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Professional development&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Sharon Bloomquist &lt;br /&gt; Robinson Hall B 354, MSN 3G1 &lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030 &lt;br /&gt; 703.993.1248&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:sbloomqu@gmu.edu"&gt;sbloomqu@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:09:41Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>PhD</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">10</degree-order-number>
    <department>History and Art History</department>
    <department-abbreviation>HIST</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://historyarthistory.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>History</description>
    <director>&lt;p&gt;Mack Holt&lt;br /&gt; Director of the PhD in History &lt;br /&gt; Robinson Hall B 375, MSN 3G1&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030 &lt;br /&gt; 703.993.1259&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:mholt@gmu.edu"&gt;mholt@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Doctor of Philosophy</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">55</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="../../system/file_attachments/329/original/historyMAPhD.pdf"&gt;Information sheet&lt;/a&gt; (.pdf)&lt;/p&gt;</other-information>
    <program-code>LA-PHD-HIST</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this degree must complete a minimum of 72 graduate credits. In addition to core courses, students must complete course work in a major field of study and two minor fields; pass a comprehensive exam; and complete a dissertation. The dissertation demonstrates mastery of the subject matter, methodologies, and conceptual foundations in the chosen field of study. This requirement is generally achieved through consideration of a problem on the boundaries of knowledge in the discipline. The credits are distributed as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Six core courses (21 credits): HIST 610 (3 credits), HIST 696 (3 credits), HIST 697 (3 credits), HIST 711/731/751 (3 credits), HIST 810 (1 credit per semester for 6 credits), and HIST 811 (3 credits)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Major field: 15 credits chosen from U.S. history, European history, comparative world history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Minor fields: 18 credits in two minor fields (9 credits each)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Doctoral research skills: Students must demonstrate basic competency in computers. Students whose research requires knowledge of a foreign language must also demonstrate a reading knowledge of one foreign language. The department sets specific research skills requirements for students, depending on their field of study.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Comprehensive exam: Students need to pass a comprehensive exam that consists of a written field statement for each minor field and an oral exam for the major field.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Dissertation: HIST 998 (3 credits minimum; 6 credits maximum) and HIST 999 (15 credits)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Once enrolled in 998, students must maintain continuous registration in 998 or 999 each semester until the dissertation is submitted to and accepted by University Libraries.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Students will be terminated from the program if they receive more than one unsatisfactory grade (C or F). No more than 6 credits earned through study abroad courses may be applied towards the degree.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h4 id="&amp;quot;advancement_to_candidacy&amp;quot;"&gt;Advancement to Candidacy&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To advance to candidacy, students must complete all course work required on their approved program of study. Students must also successfully complete and pass an oral comprehensive exam in a major field and written field statements in two minor fields. In addition, students must have a dissertation committee appointed by the Dean&amp;rsquo;s Office as well as an approved proposal. Evidence of the approved proposal must be on file in the Dean&amp;rsquo;s Office before a student can be advance to candidacy.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-12T21:00:27Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The program in art history offers a unique master's degree based on departmental strengths in traditional research, the application of new media, and the vast cultural resources of the Washington, D.C. area. Students study a broad range of art-historical periods, theory, and research methods. In addition, the program emphasizes new media skills, museum studies, and pre-professional internship training. Graduates are well prepared for art museum and gallery professional work, where a master's degree is now routinely required, or for further study in doctoral programs.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Sharon Bloomquist, Administrative Coordinator&lt;br /&gt; Robinson Hall B 359, MSN 3G1&lt;br /&gt; 703-993-1248&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:arthistorygrad@gmu.edu"&gt;arthistorygrad@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:09:48Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>MA</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">60</degree-order-number>
    <department>History and Art History</department>
    <department-abbreviation>HIST</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://historyarthistory.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Art History</description>
    <director>&lt;p&gt;Ellen Wiley Todd, Director&lt;br /&gt; 703-933-1248&lt;/p&gt;</director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Master of Arts</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">14</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="../../system/file_attachments/319/original/arthistoryMA.pdf"&gt;Information sheet&lt;/a&gt; (.pdf)&lt;/p&gt;</other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MA-AH</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this degree must complete 30 graduate credits distributed as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three required course (9 credits): ARTH 600, 696, 699&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Five courses (15 credits) of electives in ARTH and HIST (electives from AVT, ANTH, or CULT may be used, with prior written permission of the graduate director)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits) of applied preprofessional learning: ARTH 593 or 594&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits) of technology and new media chosen from HIST 696 or 697 in preparation for the comprehensive exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Demonstration of reading ability in one relevant research language, to be approved by the graduate director&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Written comprehensive exam (Students may retake the exam once, following the original procedures; the second exam must be taken within one calendar year.)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-12T21:01:11Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;Mason's Department of History and Art History faculty comprises scholars of national and international acclaim. Five members of the department have won Guggenheim awards and one was granted a MacArthur Fellowship. Additionally, the department is home to the Center for History and New Media, which has been recognized with major awards and grants from organizations such as the American Historical Association, the Library of Congress, and the Kellogg Foundation.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information></contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:09:44Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>MA</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">60</degree-order-number>
    <department>History and Art History</department>
    <department-abbreviation>HIST</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site></department-web-site>
    <description>History</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Master of Arts</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">56</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="../../system/file_attachments/329/original/historyMAPhD.pdf"&gt;Information sheet&lt;/a&gt; (.pdf)&lt;/p&gt;</other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MA-HIST</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this degree must complete the requirements for one of the concentrations described below. The concentrations require 30 credits of course work along with a specialization in U.S. history (AH), modern European history (EH), or world history (WH). The concentration in teaching requires 36 credits.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Students may be required to take up to 12 additional credits of foundation courses, which cover broad thematic areas (HIST 601, 602, 605, 606), to remedy deficiencies in their undergraduate preparation. If required as foundational, these credits cannot be applied toward the credits required for the degree.  &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If foundation courses are not required at admission, students in the concentrations in enrichment and teaching may apply one of the themes courses toward their degree. Students in the other concentrations may not apply these courses toward their degree.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Students may apply no more than 6 credits earned through study abroad courses toward their degree.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h4 id="&amp;quot;concentrations_in_predoctoral_history_ah1_eh1_wh1&amp;quot;" class="&amp;quot;concentration&amp;quot;"&gt;Concentrations in Predoctoral History (AH1, EH1, WH1)&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;These concentrations are for students planning to continue to doctoral studies.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One required course (3 credits): HIST 610 taken within the first 9 credits&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three to four courses (9-12 credits) in an area of specialization listed below, 3 credits of a research seminar (HIST 711, 731, or 751) and 3 credits of a comprehensive reading course (HIST 790, 791, or 792) designed by the student and a professor and taken during the last semester of course work. (The comprehensive readings course generally requires reading beyond what is required in the other concentrations. This course is used to round out general historical knowledge and prepare students for the comprehensive exam.)      
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Specialization in U.S. history&lt;/em&gt; (at least 3 credits from each group): Origins to 1861, 1861&amp;ndash;1914, 1914 World War I to the present&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Specialization in European history&lt;/em&gt; (at least 3 credits from each group): Ancient, medieval, and early modern to 1789; 1789&amp;ndash;1914; 1914 to the present&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Specialization in world history&lt;/em&gt; (at least 3 credits from two regions): Africa, Asia, Middle East, Latin America&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two courses (6 credits) of electives in history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Written comprehensive exam (Students who do not pass are given the option of a second written exam following the original procedures. The second exam must be taken within a calendar year.)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;6 credits in HIST 799 thesis or 3 credits in HIST 798 (HIST 798 requires the completion of a major paper that is a substantial and original contribution to historical knowledge on the model of an article in a scholarly journal. If the major paper option is chosen, students must complete an additional 3 credits in the major field.)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reading proficiency in a modern foreign language, as demonstrated by course work or an exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h4&gt;Concentrations in Predoctoral History with an Emphasis in Cultural History (AH5, EH5, WH5)&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This emphasis is for students with a particular interest in cultural history and students considering future work in the cultural studies doctoral program. Completion of this emphasis does not guarantee admission into the doctoral program; those interested in enrolling in that program should contact the Cultural Studies Program.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One required course (3 credits): HIST 610 taken within the first 9 credits&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three courses (9 credits) in an area of specialization listed below, 3 credits of a research seminar (HIST 711, 731, or 751) and 3 credits of a comprehensive reading course (HIST 790, 791, or 792) designed by the student and a professor and taken during the last semester of course work. (The comprehensive readings course generally requires reading beyond what is required in the other concentrations. This course is used to round out general historical knowledge and prepare students for the comprehensive exam.)      
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Specialization in U.S. history&lt;/em&gt; (at least 3 credits from each group): Origins to 1861, 1861&amp;ndash;1914, 1914 World War I to the present&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Specialization in European history&lt;/em&gt; (at least 3 credits from each group): Ancient, medieval, early modern to 1789; 1789&amp;ndash;1914; 1914 to the present&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Specialization in world history&lt;/em&gt; (at least 3 credits from two regions): Africa, Asia, Middle East, Latin America&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits): CULT 802&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits) of approaches to cultural history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits) from outside the area of specialization, containing a significant cultural history component as defined by the instructor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Written comprehensive exam (Students who do not pass are given the option of a second written exam following the original procedures. The second exam must be taken within a calendar year.)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;3 credits in HIST 798 (HIST 798 requires the completion of a major paper on a topic in cultural history that is a substantial and original contribution to historical knowledge on the model of an article in a scholarly journal.)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Reading proficiency in a modern foreign language, as demonstrated by course work or an exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h4 id="&amp;quot;concentrations_in_applied_history_ah2_eh2_wh2&amp;quot;" class="&amp;quot;concentration&amp;quot;"&gt;Concentrations in Applied History (AH2, EH2, WH2)&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This concentration is for students seeking expertise in applied history fields, such as archival management, museum studies, historic preservation, and historical editing. It is also suitable for professionally employed historians who desire to further their careers.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One required course (3 credits): HIST 610 taken within the first 9 credits&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Four courses (12 credits) in an area of specialization listed below and 3 credits of a research seminar (HIST 711, 731, or 751)      
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Specialization in U.S. history&lt;/em&gt; (at least 3 credits from each group): Origins to 1861, 1861&amp;ndash;1914, 1914 World War I to the present&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Specialization in European history&lt;/em&gt; (at least 3 credits from each group): Ancient, medieval, early modern to 1789; 1789&amp;ndash;1914; 1914 to the present&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Specialization in world history&lt;/em&gt; (at least 3 credits from two regions): Africa, Asia, Middle East, Latin America&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two to three courses (6-9 credits) of applied history courses (historic preservation, museum studies, archives, historical editing, or new media and information technology)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;3 or 6 credits of internship (if a 3-credit internship is selected, the other 3 credits are taken in applied history course work)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Proficiency in a relevant research tool (computers, statistics, or a modern foreign language), as demonstrated by course work or exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h4 id="&amp;quot;concentrations_in_applied_history_with_new_media_and_information_technology_emphasis_ah4_eh4_wh4&amp;quot;" class="&amp;quot;concentration&amp;quot;"&gt;Concentrations in Applied History with New Media and Information Technology Emphasis (AH4, EH4, WH4)&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One required course (3 credits): HIST 610 taken within the first 9 credits&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Four courses (12 credits) in an area of specialization listed below and 3 credits of research seminar (HIST 711, 731, or 751)      
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Specialization in U.S. history&lt;/em&gt; (at least 3 credits from each group): Origins to 1861, 1861&amp;ndash;1914, 1914 World War I to the present&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Specialization in European history&lt;/em&gt; (at least 3 credits from each group): Ancient, medieval, early modern to 1789; 1789&amp;ndash;1914; 1914 to the present&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Specialization in world history&lt;/em&gt; (at least 3 credits from two regions): Africa, Asia, Middle East, Latin America&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two courses (6 credits) in new media and information technology course work&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;3 or 6 credits of internship in information technology (If a 3-credit internship is selected, the other 3 credits are taken in applied history course work.)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Proficiency in a relevant research tool (computer science, statistics, information technology, or a modern foreign language), as demonstrated by course work or exam&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h4 id="&amp;quot;concentrations_in_enrichment_ah3_eh3_wh3&amp;quot;" class="&amp;quot;concentration&amp;quot;"&gt;Concentrations in Enrichment (AH3, EH3, WH3)&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This concentration is for students who want to study history for intellectual self-fulfillment or vocational reasons. It allows more flexibility in the selection of courses and does not have a foreign language requirement.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One required course (3 credits): HIST 610 taken within the first 9 credits&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Four courses (12 credits) in an area of specialization listed below and 3 credits of a research seminar (HIST 711, 731, or 751)      
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Specialization in U.S. history&lt;/em&gt; (at least 3 credits from each group): Origins to 1861, 1861&amp;ndash;1914, 1914 World War I to the present&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Specialization in European history&lt;/em&gt; (at least 3 credits from each group): Ancient, medieval, early modern to 1789; 1789&amp;ndash;1914; 1914 to the present&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Specialization in world history&lt;/em&gt; (at least 3 credits from two regions): Africa, Asia, Middle East, Latin America&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits) of research seminar: HIST 711, 731, or 751&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Four courses (12 credits) of electives&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Six credits of thesis work HIST 799 are optional. If a thesis is elected, students must complete only 6 credits of electives.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h4 id="&amp;quot;concentration_in_teaching_hs4&amp;quot;" class="&amp;quot;concentration&amp;quot;"&gt;Concentration in Teaching (HS4)&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This concentration is intended for students already licensed for teaching or seeking licensure. Although it includes course work in history and education, completion of this concentration alone is not sufficient to qualify for licensure. A licensure program is offered by the College of Education and Human Development (CEHD), and admission is limited. Students are advised to consult with CEHD for specific requirements regarding licensure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One required course (3 credits): HIST 610 taken within the first 9 credits&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Six courses (18 credits) in history at least 3 credits each from U.S., European, and world history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits) of research seminar: HIST 711, 731, or 751&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Four courses (12 credits) in graduate education courses, including EDCI 567&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-12T21:01:33Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;As a liberal arts discipline, art history emphasizes the analysis of visual data in a historical context. The bachelor's degree in art history prepares students for graduate study in art history as well as for professional work.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers>&lt;p&gt;Our graduates
work in:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;museums&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;art galleries&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;design studios &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;architecture firms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;They are employed to work in a range of fields in the public and private sectors involving the arts,
public policy, publishing.&amp;nbsp; They draw on their training in art history to work
an amazing range of fields.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Some art
history students have gone on to graduate programs and are professors or
independent researchers.&lt;/p&gt;</careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Department of History and Art History&lt;br /&gt;George Mason University&lt;br /&gt;Robinson Hall, Room 359&lt;br /&gt;4400 University Drive, MSN G31&lt;br /&gt;Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt;703-993-1250&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:09:55Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>BA</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">120</degree-order-number>
    <department>History and Art History</department>
    <department-abbreviation>HIST</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://historyarthistory.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Art (History)</description>
    <director>&lt;p&gt;Ellen Wiley Todd &lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:etodd@gmu.edu"&gt;etodd@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Bachelor of Arts</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">13</id>
    <opportunities>&lt;p&gt;Intern at places such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hirshhorn Museum&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Phillips Collection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Freer-Sackler Gallery&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;National Museum of Women in the Arts&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you excel in the classroom, apply to the highly competitive art history honors program. Work closely with a professor on a research project of your own.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Study abroad with Mason&amp;rsquo;s &lt;a href="http://globaled.gmu.edu/"&gt;Center for Global Education&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-BA-ARTH</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile>&lt;p&gt;Art history is the study of visual artifacts within their regional and historical contexts. As an art history major at Mason, you will investigate works of art to learn how they were made, why they were made, and by and for whom they were made. You will develop the skills to interpret a work of art as a record of the culture in which it was made.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In your courses you will learn to ask questions that touch on cultural, technological, and economic concerns. You will study with faculty whose expertise covers many world regions &amp;ndash; the United States, Latin America, Europe, South and Southeast Asia, and China &amp;ndash; and all historical periods &amp;ndash; from classical antiquity, Byzantine, Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque, to the modern era.&amp;nbsp; Dedicated teachers and scholars are eager to introduce you to the rich resources of this region.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The major has flexible requirements and, as a small program, we offer you individualized attention to help you adapt your art history studies to your interests.&lt;/p&gt;</program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;In addition to satisfying &lt;a href="http://chss.gmu.edu/gened0910"&gt;university general education requirements&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="://chss.gmu.edu/gened0910"&gt;the requirements for a bachelor of arts degree in the College of Humanities and Social Sciences&lt;/a&gt;, students pursuing this degree must complete 33 to 34 credits with a minimum GPA of 2.00 distributed as follows: &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;3 credits in a survey course chosen from ARTH 200, 201, 203, or 204&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One museum course (3 credits): ARTH 394 (fulfills university synthesis requirement)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;15 additional credits of ARTH at the 300 level&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two courses (6 credits) of ARTH at the 400 level or above, including 3 credits from ARTH 400, 420, 430, 440, 460, 471, 472, or 482&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;3 to 4 credits of AVT: 103 or 104 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One elective (3 credits) chosen from a course at the ARTH 100, 200, or 300-level or a course chosen with prior written approval of the director of the undergraduate program&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;All art history majors are encouraged to pursue internships in art history (ARTH 393 or, with permission, ARTH 593) in their junior or senior year. Up to 6 credits in art history internships may be applied toward ARTH requirements for the major, with permission of the art history undergraduate director.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Students are strongly recommended to participate in a study abroad program. Students contemplating graduate study in art history should acquire a reading knowledge of French, German, or other appropriate research languages in consultation with an advisor.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h4 id="&amp;quot;writingintensive_requirement2&amp;quot;"&gt;Writing-Intensive Requirement&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The university requires all students to complete at least one course designated as &amp;ldquo;writing intensive&amp;rdquo; in their majors at the 300 level or above. Students majoring in art history fulfill the university&amp;rsquo;s writing-intensive requirement by successfully completing any 400-level ARTH course.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-09-28T12:22:32Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason>&lt;p&gt;The National Gallery of Art, the Corcoran Gallery, the National Museum
of Women in the Arts &amp;ndash; just three reasons why Mason is an ideal
location to study art history. Located minutes from Washington, D.C., with one of the most diverse museum cultures in the world, Mason offers more affordable access to art history opportunities than any other university in the region.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The internationally recognized &lt;a href="http://chnm.gmu.edu"&gt;Center for History and New Media&lt;/a&gt; gives the program unparalleled technologically-based resources of the kind that art history relies on.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Named the #1 national university to watch by &lt;em&gt;U.S.
News &amp;amp; World Report&lt;/em&gt;, George Mason University is an innovative,
entrepreneurial institution with global distinction in a range of academic
fields. Situated in the heart of Northern Virginia's technology corridor, Mason
prepares its students to succeed in the work force and to meet the needs of the
region and the world.&lt;/p&gt;</why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract>The National Gallery of Art, the Corcoran Gallery, the National Museum of Women in the Arts &#8211; just three reasons why Mason is an ideal location to study art history.</why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract></abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers>&lt;p&gt;History majors do almost anything. Graduates go into fields such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;law&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;education&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;business&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;museum work&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;medicine&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;information technology&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;History majors have good analytical skills, can write and speak clearly, and know how to use technology to understand and convey information &amp;ndash; these are all highly valued by prospective employers and graduate schools.&lt;/p&gt;</careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Department of History and Art History&lt;br /&gt;George Mason University&lt;br /&gt;Robinson Hall B, Room 359&lt;br /&gt;4400 University Drive, MS 3G1&lt;br /&gt;Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt;703-993-1250&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:historyug@gmu.edu"&gt;historyug@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:09:51Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>BA</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">120</degree-order-number>
    <department>History and Art History</department>
    <department-abbreviation>HIST</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://historyarthistory.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>History</description>
    <director>&lt;p&gt;Joan Bristol&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:jbristole@gmu.edu"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Bachelor of Arts</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">54</id>
    <opportunities>&lt;p&gt;Intern or do research at places such as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;U.S. Capitol&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Valentine Richmond History Center&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Army Corps of Engineers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;National Women&amp;rsquo;s History Museum&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Alexandria Archaeology Museum&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you excel in the classroom, apply to the history honors program. Work closely with a professor on a research project of your own.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Study abroad with Mason&amp;rsquo;s &lt;a href="http://globaled.gmu.edu"&gt;Center for Global Education&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-BA-HIST</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile>&lt;p&gt;History is the study of both the ancient and recent past -- its people and important events that shaped the human condition. As a history major, you will study a variety of historical time periods, from Greek and Roman antiquity to the late twentieth-century.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You will learn from our expert faculty who teach and write about the military, political, social, and cultural history of the United States, Europe, Africa, Latin America, the Middle East, South Asia, East Asia, and global connections. You will interpret and evaluate the past by analyzing a variety of sources &amp;ndash; from historical books and novels to images, films, oral interviews, newspapers, and other texts.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Mason&amp;rsquo;s history faculty members are internationally known for their cutting-edge work on the use of technology in the study of history. You can intern with one of them in the &lt;a href="http://chnm.gmu.edu"&gt;Center for History and New Media&lt;/a&gt;. Because our department is one of the few in the country that is combined with art history, art is incorporated into the teaching and research of many history faculty members.&lt;/p&gt;</program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;In addition to satisfying &lt;a href="http://chss.gmu.edu/gened0910"&gt;university general education requirements&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="://chss.gmu.edu/gened0910"&gt;the requirements for a bachelor of arts degree in the College of Humanities and Social Sciences&lt;/a&gt;, students pursuing this degree must complete 36 credits of history, with at least 18 credits at the 300 and 400 levels. Additional credits of history in excess of 36 may be presented as elective credits to be counted toward graduation. The 36 credits must have a minimum GPA of 2.00 and be distributed as follows: &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two courses (6 credits) of U.S. history&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two courses (6 credits) of European history (3 credits fulfilled by the university-wide requirement HIST 100)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two courses (6 credits) of global, Latin American, African, Asian, or Middle Eastern history (Six credits will be met if approved history courses are used to fulfill the university general education requirement in global understanding and the college-level requirement in non-Western culture.)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One methods course (3 credits): HIST 300 (with a minimum grade of 2.00)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits) of HIST 499 (fulfills university synthesis requirement)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Four courses (12 credits) of history electives (at the 300 or 400 levels if necessary to complete the 18-credit, upper-level history requirement)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;HIST 300 and 499 may not be used to satisfy requirements in the first three bullets. Before registering, students should see an advisor to help plan their history program to meet university general education and college-level requirements. The advisor also can help students choose electives or a minor.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The university requires all students to complete at least one course designated as "writing intensive" in their majors at the 300 level or above. Students majoring in history may fulfill this requirement by successfully completing HIST 300 and 499.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-09-28T12:23:05Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason>&lt;p&gt;Intern at places like the Smithsonian Institution, the Library of Congress, and Capitol Hill. Located minutes from Washington, D.C., Mason offers you more affordable access to learning and career opportunities than any other university in the region.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This is an especially rewarding place to study history because of the rich resources in the area that students can draw upon for internships and research. Faculty members frequently incorporate a visit to a national museum or a colonial or Civil War site as part of the classroom experience.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Named the #1 national university to watch by &lt;em&gt;U.S.
News &amp;amp; World Report&lt;/em&gt;, George Mason University is an innovative,
entrepreneurial institution with global distinction in a range of academic
fields. Situated in the heart of Northern Virginia's technology corridor, Mason
prepares its students to succeed in the work force and to meet the needs of the
region and the world.&lt;/p&gt;</why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract>Intern at places like the Smithsonian Institution, the Library of Congress, and Capitol Hill.</why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;Art History, a liberal arts discipline, emphasizes the study of visual data in historical context and covers a broad spectrum of periods, cultures, and themes. Because the requirements are very flexible, students can shape coursework to their particular interests. This minor will enhance any major in arts and sciences, management, art studio, or information technology. Students find careers in art conservation, art and public policy, art administration or sales, and in design by making creative use of the art history minor.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Ellen Wiley Todd&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt; Robinson Hall B 336, MSN 3G1&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030 &lt;br /&gt; 703.993.4374&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:etodd@gmu.edu"&gt;etodd@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-11-07T17:33:16Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Minor</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">150</degree-order-number>
    <department>History and Art History</department>
    <department-abbreviation>HIST</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://historyarthistory.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Art (History)</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Minor</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">12</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MINOR-HIST-ARTH</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this minor must complete 18 credits with a minimum GPA of 2.00 distributed as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;3 to 6 credits of 100- or 200-level art history courses&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;12 to 15 credits of 300- or 400-level art history courses&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;ARTH 394 is not required for the minor but is strongly encouraged.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In accordance with university policy, at least 8 credits must be applied only to the minor and may not be used to fulfill requirements of the student&amp;rsquo;s major, concentration, or another minor. For policies governing all minors, see the Academic Policies chapter of this catalog.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-08-17T20:38:58Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;For those who love history but do not foresee it as their major career focus, a history minor can be a rewarding option. Because of its flexibility, the history minor may also be shaped to augment a variety of majors. You and your adviser decide on a three-course concentration, and then you choose any other history courses you wish to meet the remaining requirements.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Joan Bristol&lt;br /&gt; Director of the BA in History&lt;br /&gt; Robinson Hall B 361B, MSN 3G1&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030 &lt;br /&gt; 703.993.1014&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:jbristole@gmu.edu"&gt;jbristol@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-11-07T17:32:17Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Minor</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">150</degree-order-number>
    <department>History and Art History</department>
    <department-abbreviation>HIST</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://historyarthistory.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>History</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Minor</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">53</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MINOR-HIST-HIST</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;The program must be approved by the undergraduate director before graduation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this minor must complete 18 credits in history with a minimum 2.00 GPA.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Four courses (12 credits) at the 300 and 400 levels&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three courses (9 credits) concentrated in a region or topic related, if possible, to the student&amp;rsquo;s major&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In accordance with university policy, at least 8 credits must be applied only to the minor and may not be used to fulfill requirements of the student&amp;rsquo;s major, concentration, or another minor. For policies governing all minors, see the Academic Policies chapter of this catalog.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-08-17T20:39:39Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The minor in sport and American culture provides students with the opportunity to study the meaning of sport in American society and culture. Through courses in the minor, students trace the history of sport in America and examine the role of sport in today&amp;rsquo;s society.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; The minor complements many majors and concentrations currently offered at Mason, including history; sport management; parks, recreation, and leisure studies; sociology; and tourism.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">2009-06-09</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information></contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2009-06-09T20:20:18Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">false</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Minor</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">150</degree-order-number>
    <department>History and Art History</department>
    <department-abbreviation>HIST</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://historyarthistory.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Sport and American Culture</description>
    <director>&lt;p&gt;Jennifer Lansbury&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:jlansbur@gmu.edu"&gt;jlansbur@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</director>
    <division></division>
    <effective-date type="date">2009-06-09</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">2009-06-09</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Minor</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">250</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://sportculture.gmu.edu"&gt;Sport and American Culture Website&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</other-information>
    <program-code>E1-MINOR-RHT-SAMC</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing the minor complete 18 credits of interdisciplinary coursework.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two required courses (6 credits)&lt;br /&gt;SPMT 304 - Sport, Culture, and Society&lt;br /&gt;HIST 389 &amp;ndash; Topics in U.S. History: History of Sport in the U.S.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two elective courses (6 credits) in sport management chosen from:&lt;br /&gt;SPMT 321 - America Through Baseball&lt;br /&gt;SPMT 322 - Football and American Culture&lt;br /&gt;SPMT 323 - America and the Modern Olympics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two elective courses (6 credits) in history chosen from:&lt;br /&gt;HIST 389 &amp;ndash; Topics in U.S. History:&lt;br /&gt;The African American Experience in Modern American Sport&lt;br /&gt;Gender and Twentieth-Century American Sport&lt;br /&gt;The Growth of American Entertainment and Sport &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-08-10T16:56:09Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data nil="true"></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;In the minor students will examine the cultural, historical,
economic, and political dimensions and experiences of people of African
descent in America, the Caribbean, Africa, and throughout the Diaspora.
Students will learn theories and methodologies that are used to examine
the complex dynamics of race, class, gender, and&amp;nbsp; ethnicity in America.
Through this program, students are able to develop critical and
analytical approaches to societal issues because such issues are
addressed and delineated through a variety of academic disciplines.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Students are encouraged to do an internship as part of the minor to
further enhance their education and provide them with valuable
preparation for the workforce.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information></contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-11-08T07:25:39Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Minor</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">150</degree-order-number>
    <department>Humanities &amp; Social Sciences</department>
    <department-abbreviation>LA</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://aaas.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>African and African American Studies</description>
    <director>&lt;p&gt;Wendi Manuel-Scott&lt;br /&gt; Robinson Hall B, Room 373C, MS 3G1&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt; 703.993.1201&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:wmanuels@gmu.edu"&gt;wmanuels@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h4&gt;Associate Director&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Mika'il Petin&lt;br /&gt;Associate Director&lt;br /&gt;Johnson Center, Room 239C&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt; 703.993.4080&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:mpetin@gmu.edu"&gt;mpetin@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Minor</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">6</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MINOR-LA-AFAM</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing the minor in African and African American Studies must complete a minimum of 15 credits with a minimum GPA of 2.00.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One required course (3 credits): AFAM 200 &amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Four elective courses (12 credits) chosen from AFAM 390, 490, 499; DANC 118; ENGL 368, 370, 371, 372; FREN 451, 454; GEOG 325; GOVT 464; HIST 130, 261, 262, 335, 336, 340, 466; SOCI 308, 332&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Other courses, when relevant, may be able to meet this requirement with prior written approval of the director.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-09-08T18:31:01Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The minor in ancient Mediterranean art and archaeology is for students with diverse interests in the material culture of the ancient world. Course work combines the study of archaeology, literature, art, history, philosophy, myth, and religion. The scope of the minor is not limited to Greece and Rome, but touches on all the ancient civilizations of the Mediterranean and the heirs of late antiquity such as Byzantium and early Islam.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The program represents foundation work crucial to graduate study in traditional departments of classical, near Eastern, or Mediterranean art and archaeology. Through this minor, students are given credit for acquiring practical linguistic skills and archaeological field experience as well as scholarly background. Students should consult with the coordinator in designing a program. At least 3 credits must be taken in art history (ARTH), and at least 9 credits must be taken outside of art history (ARTH).&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Lawrence Butler&lt;br /&gt; Robinson Hall B 340, MSN 3G1&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt; 703.993.3770&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:lbutler@gmu.edu"&gt;lbutler@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-11-07T17:34:43Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Minor</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">150</degree-order-number>
    <department>Humanities &amp; Social Sciences</department>
    <department-abbreviation>LA</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site></department-web-site>
    <description>Ancient Mediterranean Art and Archaeology</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Minor</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">8</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MINOR-LA-ARTM</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this minor must complete 18 credits distributed as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Preparatory work: GREE 150 and GREE 160; or at least one course (3 credits) of Greek, Latin, or a modern research language in addition to the basic two-year introductory language sequence; or one course (3 credits) in ancient literature chosen from ARTH 102; CLAS 250, CLAS 260; RELI 211&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;6 to 9 credits of electives from ANTH 324; ARTH 319, 320, 321, 322, 324, 333, 399 (with approval of the coordinator); CLAS 340, 350, 360, 370, 380, 390; HIST 301, 302, 480; PHIL 301; RELI 351, 352, 381; other courses pertaining to the region and period, with approval of the coordinator&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;3 credits of seminar: ARTH 420 or 430 (if topic is appropriate)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;3 to 6 credits of practicum: a museum course (ARTH 394/594); ANTH 322, 325, 420, 430; or archaeological field work done for credit or an appropriate ARTH 393 internship (with prior, written approval of the coordinator)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-09-26T17:05:08Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;Asia is the birthplace of many great religious and cultural traditions and is a region in rapid and profound transformation. With half of the world's population and half of its land mass, Asia is destined to play an increasingly important role in the global economy and world politics. A minor in Asia Pacific Studies will give you a better understanding of an important region of the world, broaden your perspective, and give you an edge in seeking jobs in various government agencies, international organizations, private businesses, law firms, and non-profit organizations that deal with Asia. It also prepares you for graduate studies in the humanities and social sciences. This minor will complement many majors, including those in history, anthropology, communications, economics, and government and politics.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers nil="true"></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2008</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p style="margin-top:"&gt;Brian Platt&lt;br /&gt;Robinson Hall B 361, MSN 3G1&lt;br /&gt;Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt;703.993.1014&lt;a href="mailto:bplatt1@gmu.edu"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;bplatt1@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="margin-top:"&gt;Hung Nguyen&lt;br /&gt;Robinson Hall A 215, MSN 3F4&lt;br /&gt;Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt;703.993.2957&lt;a href="mailto:hnguyen@gmu.edu"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;hnguyen@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-11-08T07:21:53Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Minor</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">150</degree-order-number>
    <department>Humanities &amp; Social Sciences</department>
    <department-abbreviation>LA</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://www.gmu.edu/departments/capec/index.html</department-web-site>
    <description>Asia-Pacific Studies</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Minor</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">15</id>
    <opportunities nil="true"></opportunities>
    <other-information nil="true"></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MINOR-LA-APS</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile nil="true"></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this minor must complete a minimum of 18 credits distributed as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two required courses (6 credits) chosen from ARTH 203; GOVT 333; HIST 251, 252; RELI 212; any single 200-level or higher course in an Asian language&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Four elective courses (12 credits), chosen from ANTH 306, 311, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386; GOVT 433; HIST 353, 354, 356, 357; RELI 314, 315, 337; or any course from the list of required course options not used to fulfill the requirement&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Other electives are possible, including approved study abroad or internships, when relevant, are possible with prior approval of the coordinator. Language courses in Chinese, Korean, or Japanese are strongly recommended.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2008-10-02T15:50:08Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason nil="true"></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract nil="true"></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;It's obvious that movies, television, and the Internet have become an important part of everyday life. However, we don't think of them as "serious" in the way traditional academic subjects are, though ironically they have much greater impact on our lives. If you want to know how these media really work, how they move and inspire us, and how they purvey certain ideas of race, class, gender, and sexuality -- or if you're just fascinated by them and want to understand the basis of your fascination -- consider a minor in film and media studies. It's a great adjunct to virtually any major, especially for students contemplating careers in education or communication.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Most course work is offered through the Departments of Communication and English, with other courses available through the Department of Modern and Classical Languages and the Program in Film and Video Studies. The two required courses provide an introduction to the languages of film and popular media and modes of analysis appropriate to each. They are prerequisites for all advanced work in the minor. Students select four additional courses designed to introduce a more specialized level of study. Students may decide to focus on film, television, or the study of mass culture, or they may choose some mix of courses that suits their interests.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Communication majors must choose at least 6 credits outside of communication for their FAMS elective courses.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Cynthia Fuchs&lt;br /&gt; Robinson Hall A 461, MSN 3E4&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt; 703.993.2768&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:cfuchs@gmu.edu"&gt;cfuchs@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-11-08T07:25:55Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Minor</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">150</degree-order-number>
    <department>Humanities &amp; Social Sciences</department>
    <department-abbreviation>LA</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://www.gmu.edu/departments/fams/</department-web-site>
    <description>Film and Media Studies</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Minor</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">43</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MINOR-LA-FILM</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this minor must complete 18 credits distributed as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two required courses (6 credits): ENGL 332 and COMM 380&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Four electives (12 credits) chosen from COMM 302, 350, 355, 358, 360, 365, 366, 452, 456; ENGL 327*, 331, 334*, 338*, 421**,422**, 490**, 493*,499*; FREN 470***; JAPA 320; RUSS 470&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p class="&amp;quot;footnote&amp;quot;"&gt;* Requires prior written approval of FAMS coordinator&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class="&amp;quot;footnote&amp;quot;"&gt;** May be repeated if topic is different&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class="&amp;quot;footnote&amp;quot;"&gt;*** With permission of instructor and approval of FAMS coordinator&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-08-10T20:34:25Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;Stories told in both sacred and secular contexts, along with festivals, foods, music, material objects, and other traditional art forms continue to influence our lives. The minor in folklore and mythology offers students the tools with which to explore the meanings within these seemingly simple, everyday cultural texts and to become more aware of the ways these texts are used by both individuals and institutions for a variety of goals. Committed to interdisciplinary study, this program asks students to study folklore and mythology by juxtaposing the multiple viewpoints available from anthropology, art history, classical studies, literary studies, and religious studies.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2008</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Margaret Yocom&lt;br /&gt; Robinson Hall A 439, MSN 3E4&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt; 703.993.1172&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:myocom@gmu.edu"&gt;myocom@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Carol Mattusch&lt;br /&gt; Robinson Hall B 373, MSN 3G1&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt; 703.993.1017&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:cmattusch@gmu.edu"&gt;cmattusch@gmu.edu&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-11-08T07:25:59Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Minor</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">150</degree-order-number>
    <department>Humanities &amp; Social Sciences</department>
    <department-abbreviation>LA</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://folkloreprograms.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Folklore and Mythology</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Minor</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">44</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/folkloreandmythminor"&gt;Folklore and Mythology Spring 2010 courses&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MINOR-LA-FOLK</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this minor must complete 18 credits chosen from three groupings given below with a minimum GPA of 2.00. If one of these courses is used to fulfill the 3 credits of literature required for general education, it may not be used to fulfill a requirement for the minor.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course from Group 1 (3 credits): ARTH 102; CLAS 250; RELI 100, 211, 212 (Students may take only one Group 1 course from a department for credit toward the minor.)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Four or five courses from Group 2 (12 to 15 credits): ANTH 418, 427, 450; ARTH 319, 321,322, 382, 383, 384, 385; CLAS 340, 350; ENGL 311, 333, 337, 491, 498, 591; RELI 351, 401, 408&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Up to one course from Group 3 (0 to 3 credits) Independent study and internships: ANTH 299, 495; ARTH 393, 490, 491; ENGL 498, 499; summer field work schools offered by the American Folklife Center at the Library of Congress and other institutions approved by faculty&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To avoid duplication of courses, English majors who choose the folklore and mythology interdisciplinary minor may not select the English Department&amp;rsquo;s folklore, mythology, and literature concentration.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-30T18:37:33Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The interdisciplinary minor in global systems is designed to complement virtually any undergraduate major.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Global systems have become increasingly important to the way we live and work, and a global perspective makes us more aware of how we are connected to others around the world and to the whole of nature. Students in professional programs learn to connect their professional concerns to global issues of health care, trade and finance, or technology. Students in the liberal arts gain insights into their disciplines as they learn how the arts, humanities, sciences, and social sciences are affected by global issues such as demographic change, telecommunications, and environmental protection.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers nil="true"></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2008</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Frances Harbour &lt;br /&gt; Robinson Hall A201, MSN 3F4 &lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030 &lt;br /&gt; 703.993.1406&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:fharbour@gmu.edu"&gt;fharbour@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-11-07T17:30:32Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Minor</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">150</degree-order-number>
    <department>Humanities &amp; Social Sciences</department>
    <department-abbreviation>LA</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site></department-web-site>
    <description>Global Systems</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Minor</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">51</id>
    <opportunities nil="true"></opportunities>
    <other-information nil="true"></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MINOR-LA-GLOS</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile nil="true"></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this minor must complete a minimum of 18 credits distributed as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One required course (3 credits): GLOA 101, GOVT 132, or HIST 130&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Five elective courses (15 credits) chosen from at least two of the following fields: 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Field A: Government, geography, and administration of justice 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;ADJ 405; GEOG 101, 301, 303, 304, 305; GOVT 132, 348, 349, 444  
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Field B: Economics, anthropology, marketing, history, and sociology 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;ANTH 300, 312, 331, 333, 375; ECON 360, 361, 380, 390; HIST 125, 130, 387; MKTG 407; SOCI 332  
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Field C: Environmental science, global health, systems engineering, urban and suburban studies, civil and infrastructure engineering &lt;br /&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;BIOL 307, 377; CEIE 100, 450, 455, 456; EVSC 206; GCH 543; SYST 201; USST 301  
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Field D: Modes of communication 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;COMM 305, 456, 656; DANC 118; MUSI 103, 431; THR 359&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2008-09-18T20:42:31Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason nil="true"></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract nil="true"></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The minor in Islamic studies is designed for students interested in
the societies, cultures, history, and politics of the Islamic world.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It offers students the opportunity to study
the many societies that have significant Muslim populations. These
societies are not just in the Middle East. They stretch from North
Africa to Southeast Asia and beyond. They include Europe as well as
North America.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To fulfill the requirements for the minor, students take a wide variety of courses from a range of departments. These courses provide students with a broad and well-rounded understanding of Islam.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The minor will enhance students' opportunities for future study and employment, especially in the Washington, DC area.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Islamic Studies&lt;br /&gt;George Mason University&lt;br /&gt;Robinson Hall B, Room 359&lt;br /&gt;4400 University Drive, 3G1&lt;br /&gt;Fairfax, VA 22030-4422&lt;br /&gt;703.993.5069&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:caydin@gmu.edu"&gt;caydin@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:shamdani@gmu.edu"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-11-07T17:33:38Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Minor</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">150</degree-order-number>
    <department>Humanities &amp; Social Sciences</department>
    <department-abbreviation>LA</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://islamicstudies.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Islamic Studies</description>
    <director>&lt;p&gt;Cemil Aydin&lt;/p&gt;</director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Minor</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">63</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MINOR-LA-ISLM</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this minor complete 21 credits distributed as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three core courses (9 credits): GOVT 345, HIST 281, RELI 272&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three elective courses (9 credits) chosen from ANTH 309, 311; ARTH 320, 382; FREN 453; GEOG 325, 330; GOVT 328, 332; HIST 282, 462, 465; RELI 374, 375&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits) in a foreign language of any country with a significant Muslim population. While Arabic maybe used to fulfill this requirement, other languages can be substituted with prior approval of the coordinator. Students may have this requirement waived by demonstrating proficiency in a relevant foreign language as determined by the Department of Modern and Classical Languages. Such students will have 3 additional elective credits. Courses in another language of the Islamic world can also be applied toward elective credits.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Special topics courses, when relevant, may be used to fulfill elective credits for the minor with prior written approval of &lt;a href="../../contact"&gt;the director&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-09-08T18:21:10Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;Linguistics is the scientific study of language. Linguists explore the sounds, the words, the sentences, and the meanings of language. Linguistics is closely related to other areas of study which deal with human language and its uses. Such areas include philosophy, psychology, anthropology, sociology, computer science, literary studies, and education. The minor in linguistics may be combined with a major in many different fields of study. Students are introduced to the fundamental concepts of modern linguistic theory. The elective courses allow students to explore how these concepts relate to various other disciplines.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</admission-standards>
    <application-requirements>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Steven Weinberger &lt;br /&gt; Robinson Hall A 429, MSN 3E4 &lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030 &lt;br /&gt; 703.993.1188&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:weinberg@gmu.edu"&gt;weinberg@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-11-07T17:35:17Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Minor</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">150</degree-order-number>
    <department>Humanities &amp; Social Sciences</department>
    <department-abbreviation>LA</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://linguistics.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Linguistics</description>
    <director>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Minor</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">72</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MINOR-LA-LING</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this minor must complete 15 credits distributed as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;3 credits in general linguistics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;3 credits from syntactic theory, phonological theory, or linguistic semantics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;9 credits of electives, chosen in consultation with the linguistics director&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-08T15:38:23Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;Europe is changing profoundly in a wide variety of ways. The New Europe interdisciplinary minor includes a range of courses and study abroad options that explore current developments in the Old Continent. It complements most undergraduate majors and will appeal to anyone with an interest in European history, politics, economics, society, and languages. Apart from its intellectual benefits, the New Europe minor should enhance students&amp;rsquo; employment prospects in an increasingly interdependent global economy, especially one in which Europe is a major player.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2008</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;T. Mills Kelly&lt;br /&gt;College Hall C108, MSN 3A3&lt;br /&gt;Fairfax, VA &lt;br /&gt;703.993.2152&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="mailto: tkelly7@gmu.edu"&gt;tkelly7@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:ddinan@gmu.edu"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-11-07T17:33:47Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Minor</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">150</degree-order-number>
    <department>Humanities &amp; Social Sciences</department>
    <department-abbreviation>LA</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://neweurope.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>New Europe</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Minor</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">75</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MINOR-LA-NEU</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this minor must complete a minimum of 18 credits. Where relevant to the minor, special topics courses, seminars, independent study, internships, and study abroad may also be taken for elective credit, with prior approval by the coordinator. The credits are distributed as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One required course (3 credits): GOVT 334 or GOVT 444 (with prior approval of the coordinator)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Five electives (15 credits), at least one from each field: &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;    
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Field A:&lt;/em&gt; History, geography, and politics &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;    
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;GEOG 320; GOVT 334 (if not taken as the required course), 337, 338; HIST 314, 322, 329; RUSS 354&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Field B:&lt;/em&gt; Language, literature, and the arts &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;    
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;ARTH 362; FREN 441, 442, 470; GERM 451; PHIL 336; SPAN 484, 580&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-05-07T19:28:40Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;Intensive study in the area of political philosophy and political theory, and includes courses that focus on the history of political philosophy; moral evaluation of political institutions; ethical, social, and political issues raised by globalization; and conceptual foundations of democracy and human rights. The minor provides the opportunity for students to study this field from a variety of interdisciplinary perspectives; develop a deeper philosophical perspective on political institutions; and lay the foundation for further graduate study in philosophy, government, or policy studies.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2008</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Roger Paden &lt;br /&gt; Robinson Hall B 458, MSN 3F1&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030 &lt;br /&gt; 703.993.1265&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:rpaden@gmu.edu"&gt;rpaden@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-11-08T07:26:17Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Minor</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">150</degree-order-number>
    <department>Humanities &amp; Social Sciences</department>
    <department-abbreviation>LA</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://philosophy.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Political Philosophy</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Minor</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">82</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/politicalphilosophyminor"&gt;Political Philosophy Spring 2010 courses&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MINOR-LA-PPHL</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this minor must complete 15 credits distributed as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two core courses (6 credits) chosen from PHIL/GOVT 323, 324, 327&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three elective courses (9 credits) chosen from PHIL/GOVT 323, 324, or 327 (if not used to fulfill the core requirement), PHIL/GOVT 427; PHIL 325, 429; GOVT 328, 329, 420, 421, 428, 448&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Special topics courses and independent studies courses, when relevant, may be used to fulfill elective credits with prior approval of the coordinator.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-30T18:10:49Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The minor in Urban and Suburban Studies (USST) provides students with the opportunity to work at the intersection of the local, the regional, and the global. There are three broad foci for the minor--the environment, culture, and the economy. Students who envisage a career in the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area in the professions, in local or regional government, or in non-profit organizations are offered a solid background to the region. This will serve as a valuable complement to their major area of study.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers nil="true"></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2008</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Darrene Hackler&lt;br /&gt; Robinson Hall A 223, MSN 3F4&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt; 703.993.1418&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:dhackler@gmu.edu"&gt;dhackler@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-11-07T17:33:07Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Minor</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">150</degree-order-number>
    <department>Humanities &amp; Social Sciences</department>
    <department-abbreviation>LA</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site></department-web-site>
    <description>Urban and Suburban Studies</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Minor</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">106</id>
    <opportunities nil="true"></opportunities>
    <other-information nil="true"></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MINOR-LA-USSD</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile nil="true"></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this minor must complete a minimum of 18 credits distributed as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three core courses (9 credits): USST 301, 390, 401&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three elective courses (9 credits) chosen from a list of approved electives, which must be selected from more than one of the following categories: environment and culture, government and policy, and economy. Consult the coordinator for a list of approved courses in each category.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2008-09-09T18:40:02Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason nil="true"></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract nil="true"></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;Today, more than ever before, Middle East politics has become intertwined with American politics and the lives of many Americans. The minor in Middle East studies is designed to equip undergraduates with a firm multidisciplinary grounding in the region, its history, and its international relations. It is available for enrolled Mason students.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2008</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information></contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2008-07-27T16:08:28Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Minor</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">150</degree-order-number>
    <department>Humanities &amp; Social Sciences</department>
    <department-abbreviation>LA</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://middleeast.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Middle East Studies</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Minor</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">114</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="../../system/file_attachments/482/original/UG_MES_fact_sheet.pdf"&gt;Information sheet (.pdf)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MINOR-LA-MES</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this minor must complete 18 credits, distributed as follows:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three core courses (9 credits): HIST 282, GOVT 332, and one of the following: ENGL 349 or ANTH 330 &amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three elective courses (9 credits) chosen from GOVT 345; HIST 281, 462, 460, 461, 465, 387; ANTH 399, 399; RELI 211, 272, 374, 375; ARTH 319, 320; GEOG 325; ARAB 325, 330/331. Other relevant courses may be approved by the director of the program.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Only one of the following courses may count as an elective: GOVT 328, 447; CONF 399, 340. Only one elementary or intermediate language course may count as an elective (relevant languages: Arabic, Hebrew, Farsi, Turkish). Students are strongly encouraged to sign up for one of the study tour courses on the Middle East offered by the Study Abroad Program at the Center for Global Education. Destinations include Egypt, Israel, Palestine, Syria, Lebanon, Turkey, Yemen, Morocco, Jordan, and the United Arab Emirates. &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-23T15:19:08Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The Islamic Studies minor offers interdisciplinary study of societies with significant or majority Muslim populations in the Middle East and North Africa, Africa, Central Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia, as well as Europe and North America. The Islamic Studies minor recognizes that Islam is a universal faith and world civilization with a global community, and thus provides a global approach rather than a regional framework for exploring Islam. This innovative approach encourages students to explore Islam's role and contributions beyond the Middle East and to appreciate the experiences that connect over one billion Muslims worldwide, historically and in the present.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers nil="true"></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2008</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Sumaiya Hamdani &lt;br /&gt; Robinson Hall B 347, MSN 3G1 &lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030 &lt;br /&gt; 703.993.1261&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:shamdani@gmu.edu"&gt;shamdani@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:10:30Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Undergraduate Certificate</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">160</degree-order-number>
    <department>Humanities &amp; Social Sciences</department>
    <department-abbreviation>LA</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site></department-web-site>
    <description>Islamic Studies</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Undergraduate Certificate</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">62</id>
    <opportunities nil="true"></opportunities>
    <other-information nil="true"></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-CERB-ISLM</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile nil="true"></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this certificate complete 21 credits distributed as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three core courses (9 credits): GOVT 345, HIST 281, RELI 272&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three elective courses (9 credits) chosen from ANTH 309, 311; ARTH 320, 382, FREN 453, GEOG 325, 330; GOVT 328, 332; HIST 282, 462, 465; RELI 374, 375&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits) in a foreign language of any country with a significant Muslim population.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;While Arabic maybe used to fulfill this requirement, other languages can be substituted with prior approval of the coordinator.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Students may have the foreign language requirement waived by demonstrating proficiency in a relevant foreign language as determined by the Department of Modern and Classical Languages. Such students will have 3 additional elective credits. Courses in another language of the Islamic world can also be applied toward elective credits.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Special topics courses, when relevant, may be used to fulfill elective credits for the minor with prior written approval of the coordinator.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2008-09-18T21:07:24Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason nil="true"></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract nil="true"></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The bachelor of individualized study (BIS) degree provides an alternative to the traditional baccalaureate degree. It offers students a distinctive educational opportunity that allows them to integrate previous experiences into university course work.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are two pathways for obtaining the BIS. Students can pursue a BIS standardized concentration or design their own individualized interdisciplinary program of study. These alternatives require different course work, prerequisites, and eligibility requirements.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers>&lt;p&gt;Our graduates have gone on to become&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;teachers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;human resources managers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;translators and business writers&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;procurement specialists&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;CEOs and CIOs in business enterprises&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;founders of their own ventures&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;and many others&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text>&lt;p&gt;In addition to satisying the &lt;a href="../requirements/LA-BIS-INDV"&gt;general education requirements for BIS students&lt;/a&gt;, students pursuing this concentration must complete the following:&lt;/p&gt;</concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Bachelor of Individualized Study&lt;br /&gt;Enterprise Hall, Room 352&lt;br /&gt; 703.993.4556 &lt;br /&gt; &lt;a id="mailto:jkingj@gmu.edu|" href="mailto:bis@gmu.edu"&gt;bis@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2008-01-21T08:15:18Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>BIS</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">140</degree-order-number>
    <department>Individualized Study</department>
    <department-abbreviation>BIS</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://bis.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Individualized Study</description>
    <director>&lt;p&gt;Jeannie Brown Leonard&lt;/p&gt;</director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Bachelor</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">57</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-BIS-INDV</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile>&lt;p&gt;Do you have life
experiences or professional expertise that lead you to seek an alternative to a
traditional bachelor&amp;rsquo;s degree?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Did you graduate from high
school over seven years ago?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Have
you completed college credits at other institutions?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The
bachelor of individualized study (BIS) may be for you.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The BIS program offers you a distinctive opportunity to complete your degree.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;BIS has a
flexible curriculum: As a BIS student you create an interdisciplinary
concentration to meet your own educational needs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;BIS has mechanisms for translating nontraditional academic experiences into credit: As a BIS student you will be able to integrate your previous experiences into
university course work.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Through the BIS degree, you
can advance professionally, prepare for graduate or professional school, or
position yourself for a career change. The advisers and faculty are committed
to helping you build on your life experience to create a satisfying and
rewarding degree program.&lt;/p&gt;</program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;BIS students must complete the following general education requirements.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;6 credits in English composition (ENG 101 and ENG 302) &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;3 credits in synthesis (BIS 490) &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;9 credits in humanities &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;9 credits in social sciences &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;3 credits in IT-designated course work &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;3 credits in quantitative reasoning (MATH 106 or STAT 250) &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;3 credits in a non laboratory science&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To complete the BIS degree, students pursue a standardized concentration (chosen from the list to the right) or design their own individualized interdisciplinary program of study. These alternatives require different course work, prerequisites, and eligibility.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h5&gt;Requirements for an Individualized Program of Study&lt;/h5&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;10 credits of BIS course work: BIS 300, 390, 490, and 491 &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;24 to 36 credits drawing from a minimum of two disciplines&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-09-29T23:50:50Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason>&lt;p&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt; 0
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&lt;style&gt;
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&lt;![endif]--&gt; Located minutes from
Washington, D.C., we offer you more affordable access to learning and career
opportunities than any other university in the region. Named a national
university to watch by &lt;em&gt;U.S. News &amp;amp; World Report&lt;/em&gt;, George Mason
University is an innovative, entrepreneurial institution with global
distinction in a range of academic fields. Located in the heart of Northern
Virginia's technology corridor near Washington, D.C. Mason prepares its
students to succeed in the work force and meet the needs of the region and the
world.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;BIS students do internships at the full range of regional and federal government agencies, nonprofit institutions, and businesses in the metropolitan region. These experiences often lead to a first job or career advancement.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;!--EndFragment--&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract>Located minutes from Washington, D.C., we offer you more affordable access to learning</why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The Master of Arts in Interdisciplinary Studies (MAIS) is for students who seek master's degrees that integrate knowledge from several disciplines. The program addresses the rapidly evolving demand for unique graduate study by promoting advanced scholarship that transcends traditional disciplinary boundaries. MAIS offers eight structured interdisciplinary tracks.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In addition to the outlined concentrations of study, the MAIS program also offers students the opportunity to design their own &lt;a id="&amp;quot;http://chss.gmu.edu/chss/degrees/index.cfm?concentrationID=33015|&amp;quot;" href="../../concentrations/show/LA-MAIS-ISIN-IND"&gt;individualized program&lt;/a&gt; to meet the special needs of their careers.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements>&lt;p&gt;For prospective students applying to the Individualized Concentration only, the applicant must complete the &lt;a href="../../system/file_attachments/4/original/mais_individualized.doc"&gt;Departmental Application Form&lt;/a&gt; and submit the form along with the other supplemental application materials to the Graduate Admissions Office. Please note, the Departmental Application Form is not the same thing as the application that you must fill out online on the Graduate Admissions website.&lt;/p&gt;</application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Charles R. Milling&lt;br /&gt; Administrative Coordinator, MAIS&lt;br /&gt; Enterprise Hall 414, MSN 5G3&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt; 703-993-8762&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a id="mailto:mais@gmu.edu|" href="mailto:mais@gmu.edu"&gt;mais@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:10:38Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>MAIS</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">70</degree-order-number>
    <department>Interdisciplinary Studies</department>
    <department-abbreviation>MAIS</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://mais.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Interdisciplinary Studies</description>
    <director>&lt;p&gt;Claire Snyder-Hall&lt;br /&gt; Director of MAIS &lt;br /&gt; Enterprise Hall 414, MSN 5G3 &lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt; 703.993.8762 &lt;br /&gt; &lt;a id="mailto:mais@gmu.edu" href="mailto:mais@gmu.edu"&gt;mais@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Master of Interdisciplinary Studies</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">60</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information>&lt;h4&gt;Information sheets&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="../../system/file_attachments/326/original/folklore.pdf"&gt;Folklore&lt;/a&gt; (.pdf)&lt;a href="../../system/file_attachments/328/original/highered.pdf"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Higher Education&lt;/a&gt; (.pdf)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="../../system/file_attachments/336/original/religion_culture_valuesMAIS.pdf"&gt;MAIS&lt;/a&gt; (.pdf)&lt;a href="../../system/file_attachments/336/original/religion_culture_valuesMAIS.pdf"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Religion, Culture and Values&lt;/a&gt; (.pdf)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="../../system/file_attachments/337/original/womengenderstudies.pdf"&gt;Women and Gender Studies&lt;/a&gt; (.pdf)&lt;/p&gt;</other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MAIS-ISIN</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this degree must successfully complete 36 credits of graduate course work. Students must submit a curriculum contract that has been approved by their faculty advisor and the MAIS director. Specific requirements vary by concentration.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Credits that apply to the MAIS degree follow and are subject to the following restrictions:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Maximum of 6 credits earned through independent study or directed readings and research courses&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Maximum of 6 credits taken through the Consortium of Universities of the Washington Metropolitan Area (credits are counted as resident, not transfer, credit.)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Maximum of 15 transfer credits*&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Of the possible transfer credits, a maximum of 6 may be from other accredited institutions (12 for students in the zoo and aquarium leadership concentration)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;* Transfer credits are those taken before first enrolling as an admitted degree-seeking student, whether taken at another institution, another Mason graduate program, or completed as a Mason nondegree student, or credits taken at another institution (with prior MAIS approval) after admission to the MAIS Program.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;All students complete their work in the program with a project or thesis. Students admitted under this catalog are required to take MAIS 797 Proposal (1 credit) and either MAIS 798 Project (2&amp;ndash;5 credits) or MAIS 799 Thesis (5 credits).&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-12T21:02:43Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers>&lt;p&gt;Our graduates have careers in&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;social work&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;international education&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;journalism&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;think tanks&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;human rights organizations&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;environmental groups&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;They work in the public sector and in non-governmental organizations and are particularly well-suited to work in companies that do business in Latin America.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Latin American studies majors have a language competence and an expertise that is attractive to a range of wide range of employers and graduate and professional programs such as law school.&lt;/p&gt;</careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Latin American Studies&lt;br /&gt;Robinson Hall B, Room 339&lt;br /&gt;George Mason University&lt;br /&gt;4400 University Drive, MS 3G1&lt;br /&gt;Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt;703.993.1010&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:10:23Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>BA</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">120</degree-order-number>
    <department>Latin American Studies</department>
    <department-abbreviation>LA</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://las.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Latin American Studies</description>
    <director>&lt;p&gt;Matt Karush&lt;a href="mailto:mkarush@gmu.edu"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;mkarush@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Bachelor of Arts</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">68</id>
    <opportunities>&lt;p&gt;Intern at NGOs, federal agencies, international organizations, and cultural institutions focused on Latin America that are headquartered in our region.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you excel in the classroom, apply to the Latin American studies honors program. Work closely with a professor on a research project of your own.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Study abroad with Mason&amp;rsquo;s &lt;a href="http://globaled.gmu.edu"&gt;Center for Global Education&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</opportunities>
    <other-information>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</other-information>
    <program-code>LA-BA-LAS</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile>&lt;p&gt;Study Latin America at Mason. You will explore one of the most diverse and exciting regions in the world.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Contemporary Latin America is the product of a long and turbulent history of conquest, resistance, and cultural mixing. The result is a rich and unique blend of African, indigenous, and European cultures.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Understanding these complex societies has never been more crucial than it is today, since people of Latin American descent now represent more than 13% of the population of the United States.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As a major in Latin American studies, you will develop a broad expertise in the region while pursuing an individualized program of study that suits your own particular interests. You will improve your language skills and take courses in many disciplines, including anthropology, dance, economics, folklore, geography, government, history, and literature.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Your coursework will culminate in a seminar in which you develop your own research project under the mentorship of a faculty expert.&lt;/p&gt;</program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;In addition to satisfying &lt;a href="../../gened0910"&gt;university general education requirements&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://chss.gmu.edu//chss.gmu.edu/gened0910"&gt;the requirements for a bachelor of arts degree in the College of Humanities and Social Sciences&lt;/a&gt;, students pursuing this degree must complete 31 credits in Latin American studies with a minimum GPA of 2.00 distributed as follows: &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (1 credit) of LAS 100 (weekly lecture series in which students are introduced to the faculty and the various disciplines that compose Latin American studies)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two courses (6 credits) in history: HIST 271, 272&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two courses (6 credits) of social science courses related to Latin America chosen from GOVT 331, ANTH 302, ECON 361, GEOG 316&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits) of humanities courses related to Latin America chosen from ENGL 333, SPAN 322, SPAN 325&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits) of LAS 499 (synthesis, capstone class)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Four elective courses (12 credits) in Latin American studies.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Students may satisfy the electives requirement with any course that contains a significant emphasis on Latin America or the culture, politics, sociology, or history of Latinos living in the United States. In addition, students are strongly encouraged to use an internship (LAS 490) or a study-abroad program to fulfill some of these credits.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In addition, all Latin American studies majors must demonstrate reading, speaking, or writing knowledge of Spanish or Portuguese by exam or achieving a minimum grade of 2.00 in a 300-level course in the language selected. Upper-level Latin American literature or culture courses taught in Spanish or Portuguese may be used to satisfy the electives requirement.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-02T18:58:57Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason>&lt;p&gt;Located minutes from Washington, D.C., we offer you more affordable access to learning and career opportunities than any other university in the region. As a Mason student, you can take advantage of the area&amp;rsquo;s cultural and political resources &amp;ndash; from the International American Development Bank to the embassies of Latin America. You can attend presentations given by scholars, artists, and other Latin American experts.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The cultural diversity of Mason&amp;rsquo;s campus makes it an outstanding home for the program, allowing students to immerse themselves in Latin American culture on campus and in the surrounding community.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Named the #1 national university to watch by &lt;em&gt;U.S.
News &amp;amp; World Report&lt;/em&gt;, George Mason University is an innovative,
entrepreneurial institution with global distinction in a range of academic
fields. Situated in the heart of Northern Virginia's technology corridor, Mason
prepares its students to succeed in the work force and to meet the needs of the
region and the world.&lt;/p&gt;</why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract>Located minutes from Washington, D.C., we offer you more affordable access to learning and career opportunities than any other university in the region.</why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;Latin American Studies focuses on the diverse and connected regions, societies, and cultures of Latin America. Students find that combining this minor with a major in another discipline is particularly attractive to employers. Latin American studies enhances a major in Spanish or anthropology for a career in teaching or human rights work; a major in communication for a career in journalism; and a major in business for a career in the U.S. Foreign Service, other government agencies, or international commerce.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</admission-standards>
    <application-requirements>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Matt Karush &lt;br /&gt; Robinson Hall B 339, MSN 3G1&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030 &lt;br /&gt; 703.993.1010&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:mkarush@gmu.edu"&gt;mkarush@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-11-07T17:32:55Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Minor</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">150</degree-order-number>
    <department>Latin American Studies</department>
    <department-abbreviation>LA</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://las.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Latin American Studies</description>
    <director>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Minor</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">69</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MINOR-LA-LAS</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this minor must complete a minimum of 18 credits distributed as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits) chosen from HIST 271, 272; GOVT 331&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Five elective courses (15 credits) in Latin American studies in at least three departments.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Students may satisfy the electives requirement with any course that contains a significant emphasis on Latin America or the culture, politics, sociology, or history of Latinos living in the United States. Selection of courses should be made in consultation with the program director.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Students minoring in Latin American Studies must demonstrate reading, speaking or writing knowledge of Spanish or Portuguese by exam or by achieving a minimum grade of 2.00 in a 300-level course in the language selected.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In accordance with university policy, at least 8 credits must be applied only to the minor and may not be used to fulfill requirements of the student&amp;rsquo;s major, concentration, or another minor.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-02T19:04:16Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;Language is more than words. To learn a language is to glimpse the history, the literature, the politics&amp;mdash;to participate in the culture of that language and those who speak it. Additionally, our faculty members from around the world speak more than twelve languages, including Chinese, Russian, Arabic, German, Hebrew, and Japanese.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information></contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:11:05Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>MA</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">60</degree-order-number>
    <department>Modern &amp;amp; Classical Languages</department>
    <department-abbreviation>MCL</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://mcl.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Foreign Languages</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Master of Arts</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">46</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="../../system/file_attachments/327/original/foreignlanguagesMA.pdf"&gt;Information sheet&lt;/a&gt; (.pdf)&lt;/p&gt;</other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MA-FRLN</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students must meet the degree requirements for one of four concentrations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Students must complete 30 credits if they choose a concentration in one language&amp;mdash;French or Spanish.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Students must complete 42 credits if they choose a concentration in two languages&amp;mdash;French and Spanish.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Students must complete 36 credits if they choose the concentration in Spanish/bilingual-multicultural education.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In all three concentrations, students have the option of doing a 6-credit thesis. Regardless of the concentration selected, all students must meet the core and distribution requirements given below and pass a comprehensive exam.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-12T21:03:24Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The BA in foreign languages prepares students for teaching careers at the secondary school level, graduate study in languages, and research and professional work in government and private enterprise.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Students who major in foreign languages are encouraged to complete a minor or, if possible, a second major in another field. Students who want a double major in foreign language and another subject should plan a program of study in consultation with advisors from both disciplines.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Alejandra Balestra&lt;br /&gt;Thompson Hall 235B&lt;br /&gt;MSN 3E5&lt;br /&gt;Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt;Appointments are encouraged at: 703 993-1220&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:11:02Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>BA</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">120</degree-order-number>
    <department>Modern &amp;amp; Classical Languages</department>
    <department-abbreviation>MCL</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://mcl.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Foreign Languages</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Bachelor of Arts</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">45</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="../../system/file_attachments/480/original/UG_French_fact_sheet.pdf"&gt;French information sheet (.pdf)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</other-information>
    <program-code>LA-BA-FRLN</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;In addition to satisfying &lt;a href="../../gened0910"&gt;university general education requirements&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="../../chss.gmu.edu/gened0910"&gt;the requirements for a bachelor of arts degree in the College of Humanities and Social Sciences&lt;/a&gt;, students pursuing a BA in foreign languages must complete 33 credits in one of two concentrations: the concentration in French or the concentration in Spanish.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-11-16T20:57:36Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;China continues to emerge from centuries of isolation and is assuming a key role on the international scene in business, politics, art, culture and science. The minor offers George Mason students the opportunity to study one of the rapidly developing ancient cultures of the world. The emphasis of the minor in Chinese is on developing strong language skills: oral communication and the reading of texts. Students are also introduced to important works of Chinese literature and to the culture of China proper. A minor in Chinese can easily and effectively be combined with majors in other disciplines. It is especially valuable in combination with business, computer science, international studies, anthropology, history, government, philosophy, or another language.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Karl Zhang&lt;br /&gt;Chinese Language Coordinator&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:kzhang@gmu.edu"&gt;kzhang@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;George Mason University&lt;br /&gt;Thompson Hall 235G&lt;br /&gt;4400 University Drive, MSN 3E5&lt;br /&gt;Fairfax, VA 22030 &lt;br /&gt;703.993.4231&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-11-07T17:35:09Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Minor</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">150</degree-order-number>
    <department>Modern &amp;amp; Classical Languages</department>
    <department-abbreviation>MCL</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site></department-web-site>
    <description>Chinese</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Minor</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">20</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MINOR-MCL-CHIN</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this minor must complete 18 credits beyond the intermediate proficiency level with a minimum grade of 2.00 in each course.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three courses (9 credits) chosen from CHIN 300, 301, 305, 480, 481&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits) chosen from CHIN 318, 355, 365&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One additional Chinese course (3 credits) chosen from either of the above groups&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits) chosen from CHIN 310, 311, 320; ARTH 384; HIST 353, 354, 355, 387; RELI 314&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-09-26T20:16:18Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;Students who minor in classical studies become familiar with classical cultures and broaden their knowledge of the foundations of Western civilization. It is particularly relevant to students who are studying other areas of the humanities, especially English, languages, comparative literature, history, art history, philosophy, or religious studies. The minor provides flexibility so that students can choose courses relevant to their primary interests.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Martin Winkler&lt;br /&gt;Classical Studies Coordinator&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:mwinkler@gmu.edu"&gt;mwinkler@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;George Mason University&lt;br /&gt; Thompson Hall, Room 215D&lt;br /&gt;4400 University Drive, MSN 3E5&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030-4444&lt;br /&gt; 703.993.1634&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:mwinkler@gmu.edu"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-11-07T17:32:05Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Minor</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">150</degree-order-number>
    <department>Modern &amp;amp; Classical Languages</department>
    <department-abbreviation>MCL</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site></department-web-site>
    <description>Classical Studies</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Minor</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">21</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MINOR-MCL-CLA</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this minor must complete 18 credits with a minimum grade of 2.00.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two courses (6 credits) in Classics, including CLAS 250&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits) in Classical history : HIST 301, 302, 304, 388, 480&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits) in Classical art history, Classical philosophy, or religious studies&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two elective courses (6 credits) chosen from approved courses in Classical art history, Classics, Classical history, Classical philosophy, and religious studies&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-09-26T21:27:48Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The French minor is designed to provide students with two essential components of a well-rounded education in French. First, students improve their knowledge of the language itself through conversation, composition, and advanced grammar. They are also introduced to the basics of translation. Second, with survey courses in literature and civilization, they will learn about the cultural aspect of learning a foreign language. A French minor is perfect for students who know enough French (or have completed the basic language courses) and want to keep on practicing it. In an era of global economy and from a professional point of view, this constitutes the ideal complement to any specialty, as proficiency or fluency in a foreign language will open many doors in all kinds of careers worldwide.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Alejandra Balestra&lt;br /&gt;Thompson Hall 235B&lt;br /&gt;MSN 3E5&lt;br /&gt;Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt;Appointments are encouraged at: 703 993-1220&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-11-07T17:35:05Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Minor</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">150</degree-order-number>
    <department>Modern &amp;amp; Classical Languages</department>
    <department-abbreviation>MCL</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://mcl.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>French</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Minor</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">47</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MINOR-MCL-FRN</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students who wish to pursue a French minor need to complete FREN 250 before enrolling into 300-level classes. Please note that FREN 250 does not count towards the minor.&amp;nbsp;Students pursuing this minor must complete 18 credits above the intermediate proficiency level with a minimum grade of 2.00 in each course.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One advanced language course (6 credits): FREN 309&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two courses (6 credits) in literature and civilization chosen from FREN 340, 370, 371&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two elective courses (6 credits) in FREN at the 300 level or above&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-11-16T20:59:22Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The emphasis of the minor in German is on developing strong language skills: oral communication and the reading of texts. Students are introduced to important works of German literature and to the culture of German-speaking countries.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A German minor can easily and effectively be combined with majors in other disciplines. It is especially valuable in combination with business, computer science, international studies, history, music, philosophy, or another language.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Anja Apitz&lt;br /&gt;German Language Coordinator&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:aapitz@gmu.edu"&gt;aapitz@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Thompson Hall, Room 235C&lt;br /&gt;4400 University Drive, MSN 3E5&lt;br /&gt;Fairfax, VA 22030-4444&lt;br /&gt; 703.993.1827&lt;br /&gt;703.993.1245 (fax)&lt;a href="mailto:aapitz@gmu.edu"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-11-07T17:34:17Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Minor</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">150</degree-order-number>
    <department>Modern &amp;amp; Classical Languages</department>
    <department-abbreviation>MCL</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://mcl.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>German</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Minor</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">48</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MINOR-MCL-GRM</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this minor must complete 18 credits beyond the intermediate proficiency level with a minimum grade of 2.00 in each course.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three courses (9 credits) chosen from GERM 310, 316, 318, 415, 418&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits) chosen from: GERM 301, 340&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits) from genre courses at the 300 level or period courses at the 400 level&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One German elective course(3 credits) at the 300 level or above &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-09-26T21:19:42Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The minor in Latin offers students the opportunity to develop and refine their knowledge of the Latin language by reading Ancient Roman literature. Students will gain an understanding and appreciation of the literature, culture, and intellectual achievements of Roman antiquity that have contributed to the development of Western civilization. A Latin minor complements well majors in literature, language, history, philosophy, and the arts, all of which find their roots in classical antiquity. Majors in the natural and the social sciences will also be strengthened by the historical perspective and the advanced training in language and terminology afforded by the minor in Latin.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Martin Winkler &lt;br /&gt; Thompson Hall 215D, MSN 3E5&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030 &lt;br /&gt; 703.993.1634&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:mwinkler@gmu.edu"&gt;mwinkler@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-11-07T17:32:59Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Minor</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">150</degree-order-number>
    <department>Modern &amp;amp; Classical Languages</department>
    <department-abbreviation>MCL</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://mcl.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Latin</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Minor</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">67</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MINOR-MCL-LATN</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this minor must complete 18 credits in Latin beyond the intermediate proficiency level with a minimum grade of 2.00 in each course.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Six courses (18 credits) chosen from LATN 351, 352, 451, 452 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;These courses vary in content and may be repeated for credit.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-09-26T23:47:01Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The minor in Russian provides students with the opportunity to acquire advanced-level skills in the Russian language and to apply these skills to the study of Russian literature and culture. Students read literary masters such as Pushkin, Tolstoy, and Chekhov in the original Russian, and they learn about the cultural forces which have shaped contemporary Russia. Russian, spoken by some 280 million people, is a major world language, and is important in international affairs, business, economics, and the arts and sciences. The minor in Russian will enhance almost any major, especially those in history, government and international politics, geography, literature, theater, communications, and economics.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;James Levine&lt;br /&gt; Thompson Hall 217B, MSN 3E5&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt; 703.993.1233&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:jlevin2@gmu.edu"&gt;jlevin2@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-11-07T17:32:35Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Minor</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">150</degree-order-number>
    <department>Modern &amp;amp; Classical Languages</department>
    <department-abbreviation>MCL</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://mcl.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Russian</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Minor</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">97</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MINOR-MCL-RUS</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this minor must complete 18 credits beyond the intermediate proficiency level with a minimum grade of 2.00 in each course.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three courses (9 credits) chosen from RUSS 302 or 303; RUSS 380 and 381&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits) chosen from RUSS 310, 311&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits) chosen from RUSS 353, 354&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One Russian elective course (3 credits) at the 300 level or above (This course must be conducted in Russian.)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-09-26T23:51:13Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;A Spanish minor concentrates on developing skill in understanding, speaking, reading, and writing Spanish at an advanced level. Completion of the minor program, particularly if students can include a period of study abroad in a Spanish-speaking area, prepares students to best provide Spanish support in public and professional situations and environments.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Marian Quintana, PhD&lt;br /&gt; Director of the Basic Spanish Program&lt;br /&gt;Thompson Hall 233E, MSN 3E5&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt; 703.993.7067&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:mquinta1@gmu.edu"&gt;mquinta1@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-11-07T17:34:31Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Minor</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">150</degree-order-number>
    <department>Modern &amp;amp; Classical Languages</department>
    <department-abbreviation>MCL</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://mcl.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Spanish</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Minor</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">103</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MINOR-MCL-SPN</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this minor must complete 18 credits beyond the intermediate proficiency level with a minimum grade of 2.00 in each course.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One or two required courses (6 credits): SPAN 305 and 306; or SPAN 309; or SPAN 315 and one elective course in Spanish &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two additional required courses (6 credits): SPAN 370 and one course chosen from SPAN 385, 388, 390&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two Spanish elective courses (6 credits) at the 300 or 400 level (not to include courses taught in English)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-09-26T23:54:44Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The minor in Japanese Studies enables students to advance their Japanese language skills and develop a sound understanding of Japanese culture and history from a global perspective. Students may focus their course work on language or on history and culture.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Sufumi So&lt;br /&gt;Japanese Language Coordinator&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:sso2@gmu.edu"&gt;sso2@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;George Mason University&lt;br /&gt;Thompson Hall, Room 231B&lt;br /&gt;4400 University Drive, MSN 3E5&lt;br /&gt;Fairfax, VA 22030-4444&lt;br /&gt;703.993.4822&lt;br /&gt;703.993.1425 (fax)&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2008-07-28T14:46:41Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Minor</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">150</degree-order-number>
    <department>Modern &amp;amp; Classical Languages</department>
    <department-abbreviation>MCL</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://mcl.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Japanese Studies</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Minor</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">116</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://japanesestudies.gmu.edu"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Japanese Studies Web Site&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MINOR-MCL-JPNS</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this minor must complete 6 courses (18 credits) with a minimum grade of 2.00. Special topics courses, such as HIST 387, when relevant, may be applied to the minor with prior written approval of the coordinator. Student can choose to focus on the Japanese language or on Japanese history and culture.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Focus on language&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Four courses (12 credits) in Japanese language: JAPA 330, 331, 440, 441&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits) of Japanese and Japan-related history chosen from HIST 251, 252, 356, 357; ARTH 385&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One elective course (3 credits) chosen from JAPA 320; ARTH 482; CHIN 328; GOVT 333, 433; RELI 212, 315&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Focus on history and culture&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two courses (6 credits) in Japanese language chosen from JAPA 330, 331, 440, 441&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two courses (6 credits) in Japanese and Japan-related history chosen from HIST 251, 252, 356, 357; ARTH 385&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two elective courses (6 credits) chosen from JAPA 320; ARTH 482; CHIN 328; GOVT 333, 433; RELI 212, 315&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-09-26T23:34:17Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data>japanesestudies.gmu.edu</web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The curriculum is based on intensive, interdisciplinary learning communities, coordinated with traditional academic programs. The result is an integrated program of study that emphasizes collaboration, experiential learning, and self-reflection. The program provides interdisciplinary, integrated concentrations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Students who enroll in this degree program their first year of college take four highly focused, interdisciplinary courses (8 credits each), one course at a time. They learn how to make distinctions, appreciate different perspectives, and find connections in what they learn. After the first year, the curriculum offers various learning communities that feature experiential learning and faculty-student research that addresses fundamental questions. Students complete their degree programs with an interdisciplinary concentration. The program requires mastery of essential competencies (communication, valuing, global understanding, problem solving, group interaction, effective citizenship, aesthetic awareness, critical thinking, and information technology) assessed through freshman and graduation portfolios.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2008</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text>&lt;p&gt;In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the BA in Integrative Studies, students must complete an approved concentration. Students pursuing this concentration must complete at least 30 credits with a minimum GPA of 2.00, which may draw from learning communities, experiential learning, independent study, and traditional university courses.&lt;/p&gt;</concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information></contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:11:42Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>BA</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">120</degree-order-number>
    <department>New Century College</department>
    <department-abbreviation>NC</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://ncc.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Integrative Studies</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Bachelor of Arts</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">59</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="../../system/file_attachments/485/original/UG_Integrative_studies_fact_sheet.pdf"&gt;Information sheet (.pdf)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</other-information>
    <program-code>LA-BA-INTS</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students must complete an equivalent of 120 credits of course work with at least 24 credits in learning communities, 12 credits of experiential learning (see Curriculum Requirements below), and 35 credits in general education. A student&amp;rsquo;s concentration consists of at least 30 credits with a minimum GPA of 2.00, which may draw from learning communities, experiential learning, independent study, and traditional university courses. Students must present a final cumulative portfolio and a college senior exposition.&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h4&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Curriculum Components&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The curriculum has four major components. Division I is general education, which can be completed through the first year of common courses, experiences, and integrated learning (also known as the &amp;ldquo;First-Year Experience&amp;rdquo;) or through traditional university course work. Thereafter, students pursue their academic and career goals through learning communities (Division II) and courses for their concentration (Division III), and experiential learning (Division IV).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;General education requirements are met in Division I and II. Division I fulfills most general education requirements. Students may also test out of some requirements. The university&amp;rsquo;s 6-credit written communication general education requirement is met through completion of Division I and Division II with an overall 2.00 GPA. All 300-level and above learning communities include at least one writing assignment that requires revision.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Division I, or first-year, experience/general education:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; The first-year experience is a sequence of four courses following a common curriculum. Each learning community (NCLC 110, 120, 130, 140) is six or seven weeks long and separated by two-week interims or a winter intersession. Each meets Monday through Thursday and may include lectures and exams but emphasizes seminar discussions, collaborative assignments, and problem-centered projects.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;NCLC 110 emphasizes composition and communication, computer applications, and analytical reasoning; NCLC 120 studies the natural world and develops computational skills; NCLC 130 studies the socially constructed world through the interdisciplinary study of global civilization; and NCLC 140 studies the relationship between the individual and society. The intersessions are built into the curriculum to allow cocurricular activities, such as community service learning, leadership training, or specialized workshop courses. The winter intersession also allows for intensive short courses, study abroad, individualized projects, research, or experiential learning outside the college.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Division II, learning communities:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; combines subjects usually taught in separate courses into a single course of study. Learning communities offer the equivalent of between 3 and 9 credits of undergraduate work and replace the often fragmented classroom experience many students encounter in a series of unconnected course offerings. In interdisciplinary learning communities, faculty and students explore various ways to understand a topic. Learning communities also offer a greater sense of identity with an academic community, especially in the college environment typical of a regional state university. Several learning communities are scheduled to make attendance easier for part-time students. Team teaching; collaborative projects; emphasis on writing and critical thinking; opportunity for independent study; and integrative experiential learning are all important components of learning communities. Many learning communities have experiential learning attached, either as a part of the class or an option for students to take. A minimum of 24 credits in learning communities is required for graduation.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Division III, a concentration:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; the equivalent of a major in a traditional degree program. Students complete an interdisciplinary concentration already established in the integrative studies curriculum or, in some cases, create with faculty a unique program of study to fit their particular interests and needs. The concentration comprises traditional courses, learning communities, independent study, and experiential learning. Students must create a portfolio of their work that is reviewed by NCC faculty, as well as a culminating college senior exposition, which is done through NCLC 491 Senior Capstone. Students are required to take NCLC 491 the semester prior to graduation.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Division IV, experiential learning requirement:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; A minimum of 12 credits of experiential learning are required to fulfill graduation requirements. Experiential learning sites may change each semester to include study abroad programs, internships, community service learning, and field study opportunities. In many cases, students should complete learning contracts for experiential learning activity undertaken. This requirement reflects the college&amp;rsquo;s commitment to provide educational experiences that prepare graduates for the workplace and the demands of active and responsible citizenship. The faculty&amp;rsquo;s goal is twofold: to engage the workplace as a site of instruction and expose students to the variety of skills needed to succeed, and to combine work experience with academic study so that each will enrich the other. Experiential learning may include course field trips and off-campus learning experiences. Students may be responsible for their own transportation, including bus, subway, and carpooling. Student liability insurance for the experiential learning internship is provided by Mason. Students are responsible for their own health care, including emergency care. New Century College assumes no financial responsibility for the health care of students. An accident and health insurance plan is available through the university. No more than 24 credits of experiential learning can count toward a student&amp;rsquo;s total credits for graduation.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-23T15:29:48Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The curriculum is based on intensive, interdisciplinary learning communities, coordinated with traditional academic programs. The result is an integrated program of study that emphasizes collaboration, experiential learning, and self-reflection. The program provides interdisciplinary, integrated concentrations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Students who enroll in this degree program their first year of college take four highly focused, interdisciplinary courses (8 credits each), one course at a time. They learn how to make distinctions, appreciate different perspectives, and find connections in what they learn. After the first year, the curriculum offers various learning communities that feature experiential learning and faculty-student research that addresses fundamental questions. Students complete their degree programs with an interdisciplinary concentration. The program requires mastery of essential competencies (communication, valuing, global understanding, problem solving, group interaction, effective citizenship, aesthetic awareness, critical thinking, and information technology) assessed through freshman and graduation portfolios.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2008</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text>&lt;p&gt;In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the BA in Integrative Studies, students must complete an approved concentration. Students pursuing this concentration must complete at least 30 credits with a minimum GPA of 2.00, which may draw from learning communities, experiential learning, independent study, and traditional university courses.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information></contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:11:45Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>BS</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">130</degree-order-number>
    <department>New Century College</department>
    <department-abbreviation>NC</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://ncc.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Integrative Studies</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Bachelor of Science</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">58</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="../../system/file_attachments/485/original/UG_Integrative_studies_fact_sheet.pdf"&gt;Information sheet (.pdf)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</other-information>
    <program-code>LA-BS-INTS</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students must complete an equivalent of 120 credits of course work with at least 24 credits in learning communities, 12 credits of experiential learning (see Curriculum Requirements below), and 35 credits in general education. A student&amp;rsquo;s concentration consists of at least 30 credits with a minimum GPA of 2.00, which may draw from learning communities, experiential learning, independent study, and traditional university courses. Students must present a final cumulative portfolio and a college senior exposition.&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h4&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Curriculum Components&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The curriculum has four major components. Division I is general education, which can be completed through the first year of common courses, experiences, and integrated learning (also known as the &amp;ldquo;First-Year Experience&amp;rdquo;) or through traditional university course work. Thereafter, students pursue their academic and career goals through learning communities (Division II) and courses for their concentration (Division III), and experiential learning (Division IV).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;General education requirements are met in Division I and II. Division I fulfills most general education requirements. Students may also test out of some requirements. The university&amp;rsquo;s 6-credit written communication general education requirement is met through completion of Division I and Division II with an overall 2.00 GPA. All 300-level and above learning communities include at least one writing assignment that requires revision.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Division I, or first-year, experience/general education:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; The first-year experience is a sequence of four courses following a common curriculum. Each learning community (NCLC 110, 120, 130, 140) is six or seven weeks long and separated by two-week interims or a winter intersession. Each meets Monday through Thursday and may include lectures and exams but emphasizes seminar discussions, collaborative assignments, and problem-centered projects.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;NCLC 110 emphasizes composition and communication, computer applications, and analytical reasoning; NCLC 120 studies the natural world and develops computational skills; NCLC 130 studies the socially constructed world through the interdisciplinary study of global civilization; and NCLC 140 studies the relationship between the individual and society. The intersessions are built into the curriculum to allow cocurricular activities, such as community service learning, leadership training, or specialized workshop courses. The winter intersession also allows for intensive short courses, study abroad, individualized projects, research, or experiential learning outside the college.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Division II, learning communities:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; combines subjects usually taught in separate courses into a single course of study. Learning communities offer the equivalent of between 3 and 9 credits of undergraduate work and replace the often fragmented classroom experience many students encounter in a series of unconnected course offerings. In interdisciplinary learning communities, faculty and students explore various ways to understand a topic. Learning communities also offer a greater sense of identity with an academic community, especially in the college environment typical of a regional state university. Several learning communities are scheduled to make attendance easier for part-time students. Team teaching; collaborative projects; emphasis on writing and critical thinking; opportunity for independent study; and integrative experiential learning are all important components of learning communities. Many learning communities have experiential learning attached, either as a part of the class or an option for students to take. A minimum of 24 credits in learning communities is required for graduation.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Division III, a concentration:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; the equivalent of a major in a traditional degree program. Students complete an interdisciplinary concentration already established in the integrative studies curriculum or, in some cases, create with faculty a unique program of study to fit their particular interests and needs. The concentration comprises traditional courses, learning communities, independent study, and experiential learning. Students must create a portfolio of their work that is reviewed by NCC faculty, as well as a culminating college senior exposition, which is done through NCLC 491 Senior Capstone. Students are required to take NCLC 491 the semester prior to graduation.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Division IV, experiential learning requirement:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; A minimum of 12 credits of experiential learning are required to fulfill graduation requirements. Experiential learning sites may change each semester to include study abroad programs, internships, community service learning, and field study opportunities. In many cases, students should complete learning contracts for experiential learning activity undertaken. This requirement reflects the college&amp;rsquo;s commitment to provide educational experiences that prepare graduates for the workplace and the demands of active and responsible citizenship. The faculty&amp;rsquo;s goal is twofold: to engage the workplace as a site of instruction and expose students to the variety of skills needed to succeed, and to combine work experience with academic study so that each will enrich the other. Experiential learning may include course field trips and off-campus learning experiences. Students may be responsible for their own transportation, including bus, subway, and carpooling. Student liability insurance for the experiential learning internship is provided by Mason. Students are responsible for their own health care, including emergency care. New Century College assumes no financial responsibility for the health care of students. An accident and health insurance plan is available through the university. No more than 24 credits of experiential learning can count toward a student&amp;rsquo;s total credits for graduation.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-23T15:30:31Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The minor in leadership helps prepare students to lead effectively in the 21st century. It provides a broad understanding of leadership in contemporary times and emphasizes civic engagement. Through the required coursework, students examine theories of leadership, analyze methods and styles of leadership, and participate in experiences to develop their own leadership skills. Students will apply their knowledge to community service-based learning at George Mason University and within the greater DC metro area.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The minor in leadership may be pursued concurrently with any undergraduate major.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2008</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Kelly Dunne&lt;br /&gt; Director of Academic Affairs&lt;br /&gt; 402 Enterprise Hall&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt; 703.993.1454&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:kdunne@gmu.edu"&gt;kdunne@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-11-07T17:35:25Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Minor</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">150</degree-order-number>
    <department>New Century College</department>
    <department-abbreviation>NC</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://ncc.gmu.edu/programs/minors/index.html</department-web-site>
    <description>Leadership</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Minor</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">70</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information nil="true"></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MINOR-NC-LSHP</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students in the minor complete 15 credits of course work distributed as follows: &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three required core courses (11 credits): NCLC 204 (4 credits), NCLC 375 (3 credits), NCLC 435 (4 credits)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (1 to 3 credits) of experiential learning, which may be fulfilled through an approved internship, community service course, or other course work that includes experiential learning. The following courses fill this requirement as do some offerings under the courses NCLC 195, 395, and UNIV 300. Students should seek prior approval of the director of the minor for courses to apply to this requirement.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;COMM 349 (1 credit)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;NCLC 195 (1 credit)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One elective course (3 to 4 credits), which may be fulfilled through AVT 309/NCLC 346 (4 credits), AVT 370 (4 credits); CONF 300; CVPA 305; DESC 456; EDUC 303; EVPP 361; FNAN 401; GOVT 430; HEAL 323; HSCI/NURS 436; IT 304; MGMT 413; MIS 435; MKTG 471; MLSC 300 (1 credit), 400, 401; MSOM 301, 302, 305, 306; PRLS 316; PSYC 231, 333; SOCI 307; TOUR 330&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Other electives may be applied to the minor with prior approval of the director.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2008-11-06T22:33:15Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;Through this minor, students will learn how to create original work and communicate with others through the fusion of images, text, sound, and video. Students will analyze and incorporate into their productions both contemporary design principles and up-to-date software applications. As part of this process, students will be encouraged to focus on how multimedia technologies, which offer new tools for investigating and disseminating ideas, can enhance undergraduate research and writing. These skills, now important in most disciplines, are also increasingly valuable not only in the specialized information technology industries but also in business, education and politics.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This minor is not available to students majoring in AVT with a concentration in digital arts.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers nil="true"></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2008</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Darren Cambridge&lt;br /&gt; Enterprise Hall 436, MSN 5D3&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt; 703.993.4318&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:dcambrid@gmu.edu,%20lsmithg@gmu.edu"&gt;dcambrid@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Lesley M. Smith&lt;br /&gt; Enterprise Hall 431, MSN 5D3&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt; 703.993.4586&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:lsmithg@gmu.edu,%20lsmithg@gmu.edu"&gt;lsmithg@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-11-07T17:35:21Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Minor</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">150</degree-order-number>
    <department>New Century College</department>
    <department-abbreviation>NC</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://ncc.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Multimedia</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Minor</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">73</id>
    <opportunities nil="true"></opportunities>
    <other-information nil="true"></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MINOR-NC-MM</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile nil="true"></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this minor must complete 18 to 20 credits distributed as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;8 to 10 credits of core courses: AVT 104 (4 credits); COMM 157/NCLC 195 (1 credit) (Students may not enroll in COMM 157 if they have already completed COMM 355.)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One of the following: AVT 180 or CHSS 101 (3 credits) or NCLC 249 (4 credits)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;8 to 10 credits of elective courses with no more than 6 credits in any one college or department chosen from AVT 280 (4 credits), 382 (4 credits); COMM 355, 360, 435; NCLC 345 (5 credits), 348, 349, 445 (5 credits); ENGL/NCLC 343; ENGL 344, 497&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2008-09-10T20:54:11Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason nil="true"></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract nil="true"></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;Nonprofit organizations significantly contribute to building civil society, redistributing wealth, influencing public policy, providing access to the arts and health care, administering human services, protecting the environment, and affecting decisions at the World Bank and the United Nations. The minor in nonprofit studies is designed to introduce students to the statistical dimensions, organizational structure, social context, and service dynamics of what is called the nonprofit sector. Through a combination of lecture and electronic classroom experience, students will develop practical research skills and knowledge that facilitate an understanding of the nonprofit organization and the nonprofit sector, including social entrepreneurs and social enterprise.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers nil="true"></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2008</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Leila Smith &lt;br /&gt; Enterprise Hall 428, MSN 5D3&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030 &lt;br /&gt; 703.993.3849&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:lsmit5@gmu.edu"&gt;lsmit5@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-11-07T17:30:44Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Minor</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">150</degree-order-number>
    <department>New Century College</department>
    <department-abbreviation>NC</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site></department-web-site>
    <description>Nonprofit Studies</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Minor</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">77</id>
    <opportunities nil="true"></opportunities>
    <other-information nil="true"></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MINOR-NC-NPS</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile nil="true"></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this minor must complete 16 credits distributed as follows:&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three required courses (11 to 12 credits): NCLC 331* (4 credits), NCLC 431* (4 credits), one course chosen from GOVT 358 (4 credits), NCLC 435 (4 credits); CONF 101, 300; NCLC 305 (Sections of NCLC 375 or 395 may count toward this requirement when appropriate and with prior written approval of the coordinator.)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One to two elective courses (3 to 4 credits) chosen from AVT 370; COMM 300, 301, 335; CVPA 305; ECON 309; ENGL 410; MSOM 301, 321; NCLC 211, 304*, 340, 349, 410, 422; SOCI 492; SOCW 352, 483 (Sections of NCLC 375 and 390/490* may be used with prior written approval of the coordinator.)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Each of the required courses is writing intensive with a requirement of at least 3,500 words in logs, essays, and analyses. Writing assignments are aggregated with a cover document at the end of the program into a portfolio that documents the student&amp;rsquo;s experience in studying the nonprofit world.&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;* These courses are approved to earn experiential learning credits.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In accordance with university policy, at least 8 credits must be applied only to the minor and may not be used to fulfill requirements of the student&amp;rsquo;s major, concentration, or another minor. For policies governing all minors, see the Academic Policies chapter of this catalog.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2008-09-10T20:57:33Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason nil="true"></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract nil="true"></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;Through the coursework in this minor students explore the impact of science in their daily lives and develop an understanding of the multiple ways that science is integrated into different, non-science disciplines. As prerequisite to the minor, students should have completed their general education science requirement of 7-8 credits. In coordination with their minor advisor and through CHSS 200, students develop a core of 5 course that revolves around a specific theme through which they connect science and society more closely. Possible themes include the environment, ethics, ethnography, faith, healing, justice and the law, media, and medicine, among others. The program of study must include one foundation course in the related field of study.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In addition to completing 15 credits of core courses, students start with CHSS 200 Introduction to Science and Society, which provides them with a broad overview of related topics and helps them to develop their individualized core of courses, and end with a capstone CHSS 400 Perspectives on Science and Society, in which they demonstrate what they have learned through their course of study.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2008</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;New Century College&lt;br /&gt;George Mason University&lt;br /&gt; Enterprise Hall, Room 408&lt;br /&gt;4400 University Drive&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, Virginia 22030&lt;br /&gt; 703.993.1436&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:kdunne@gmu.edu"&gt;kdunne@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-11-07T17:31:32Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Minor</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">150</degree-order-number>
    <department>New Century College</department>
    <department-abbreviation>LA</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://science.society.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Science and Society</description>
    <director>&lt;p&gt;Kelly Dunne&lt;/p&gt;</director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Minor</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">99</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://ncc.gmu.edu"&gt;New Century College Web site&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MINOR-LA-SCSO</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students in this minor complete 18 credits distributed as follows.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;2 credits of CHSS 200&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;5 courses (15 credits) of an individualized core&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;1 credit of CHSS 400&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Only 9 lower-level credits can be applied to the minor (7 within the core and the 2-credit CHSS 200), and no more than 3 credits can be applied to both university general education requirements and the minor. No more than two courses from a single department can be applied to the minor. A minimum GPA of 2.00 is required for coursework in this minor.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h4&gt;Sample Individualized Cores&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Science, Society, and the Environment&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;ECON 335 Environmental Economics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;EVPP 110 Ecosphere: Environmental Science (foundation course)&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;GEOG 303 Conservation of Resources and Environment&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;NCLC 319 An Endangered Earth&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;PHIL 343 Introduction to Environmental Ethics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Science, Society, and Ethnography&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;ANTH 135 Human Evolution, Biology, and Culture (foundation course)&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;ANTH 365 Race and Racism&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;ENGL 311 Writing Ethnography&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;GEOG 304 Geography of Population&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;HIST 418 Ethnic Groups in America&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Science, Society, and Faith&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;ANTH 135 Human Evolution, Biology, and Culture (foundation course)&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;ANTH 496 On Evolution&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;PHIL 377 Darwin: Biology and Beyond&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;PHIL 378 Reason, Science, and Faith in the Modern Age&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;RELI 100 Human Religious Experience (foundation course)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Science, Society, and Humankind&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;ANTH 120 Introduction to Archaeology (foundation course)&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;BIOL 313 Human Genetics for the Social Sciences&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;ENGL 492 Science Fiction&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;NCLC 300 Utopia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;PHIL 111 Individual and Society&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Science, Society, and Healing&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;HSCI 150 Global Issues in Health, Nutrition, and Culture (foundation course)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;NCLC 378 Medicine, Justice, and Public Policy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;PHIL 309 Medicine and Human Values&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;RELI 341 Global Perspectives on Spirituality and Healing&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;SOCI 390 Sociology of Health, Illness, and Disability&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-05-12T20:19:39Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The MA in philosophy offers concentrations in traditional and contemporary philosophy, and professional ethics. The concentration in traditional and contemporary philosophy is for students who want to deepen their understanding of philosophical issues and for students who are preparing to pursue doctoral studies in philosophy or related fields, e.g. cultural studies, political theory, and gender studies. The concentration in professional ethics is designed for professionals who want to combine the study of ethics and the analysis of social and public policies in a variety of settings, including business, health care, biomedical technology, law, or government.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards>&lt;p&gt;Applicants to the MA in philosophy must meet the &lt;a href="../../standards"&gt;university admission standards&lt;/a&gt; for graduate study.&lt;/p&gt;</admission-standards>
    <application-requirements>&lt;p&gt;In addition to fulfilling &lt;a href="../../requirements"&gt;university application requirements for graduate study&lt;/a&gt;, applicants must submit three letters of recommendation, a statement of student goals in pursuing the degree, and a writing sample. GRE exams are not required. They are recommended, however, especially for those students planning to pursue a PhD in philosophy.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Applicants whose records are otherwise strong but who have not completed an undergraduate course in these three areas:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Logic&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Ancient Philosophy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Modern Philosophy&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;may be offered provisional admission, with the provision being that by the time they complete 12 graduate credits, they must also complete the course(s) they had been missing.&lt;/p&gt;</application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Department of Philosophy&lt;br /&gt;George Mason University&lt;br /&gt;Robinson Hall B, Room 461&lt;br /&gt;4400 University Drive, MSN 3F1 &lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030 &lt;br /&gt; 703.993.1332&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:rcherubi@gmu.edu"&gt;rcherubi@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:13:23Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>MA</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">60</degree-order-number>
    <department>Philosophy</department>
    <department-abbreviation>PHIL</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://philosophy.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Philosophy</description>
    <director>&lt;p&gt;Rose Cherubin&lt;/p&gt;</director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Master of Arts</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">80</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="../../system/file_attachments/332/original/philosophyMA.pdf"&gt;Information sheet&lt;/a&gt; (.pdf)&lt;/p&gt;</other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MA-PHIL</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this degree must successfully complete 30 credits, which may include an optional thesis. Students need to identify an advisor on entering the program and meet regularly with that advisor during their course of study. With their advisor&amp;rsquo;s approval, students may apply up to 9 credits from other departments toward the degree.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Four courses (12 credits) of required course work&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;     
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits) in ancient or medieval philosophy: PHIL 602, 604; 681 or 691 (where appropriate)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits) in modern philosophy: PHIL 605, 608;&amp;nbsp; 681 or 691 (where appropriate)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits) in contemporary philosophy: PHIL 615, 616, 618; 681 or 691 (where appropriate)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits) in an advanced seminar: PHIL 720, 721, or 733&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Six elective courses (18 credits)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;3-6 credits of thesis (optional)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Students who do a thesis take one or two fewer electives, depending on the number of thesis credits.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-11-11T21:15:59Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;Students must be admitted to graduate study or approved for graduate course enrollment in nondegree status. Students who initially enroll in the certificate program as nondegree students must apply for admission to the graduate program no later than the second semester of study. The certificate may be pursued concurrently with any other graduate program in the university.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Department of Philosophy&lt;br /&gt;George Mason Unversity&lt;br /&gt;Robinson Hall B, Room 461&lt;br /&gt;4400 University Drive, MSN 3F1 &lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030 &lt;br /&gt; 703.993.1332&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:rcherubi@gmu.edu"&gt;rcherubi@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:13:16Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Graduate Certificate</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">100</degree-order-number>
    <department>Philosophy</department>
    <department-abbreviation>PHIL</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://philosophy.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Professional Ethics</description>
    <director>&lt;p&gt;Rose Cherubin&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:dbergoff@gmu.edu"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Graduate Certificate</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">85</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-CERG-PETH</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this certificate must successfully complete 15 graduate credits distributed as follows. In consultation with an advisor, students should select their courses to create a coherent program of study. &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits) in the history of ethical theory: PHIL 640&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two courses (6 credits) in applied ethics chosen from PHIL 642, 643, 644&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two elective courses (6 credits) (This requirement may be fulfilled by taking a course in philosophy, but students are encouraged to take courses in other disciplines.)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-05-13T20:51:04Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract></abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers>&lt;p&gt;Philosophy graduates have careers in:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;education&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;law&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;business&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;They work in a host of governmental and non-governmental organizations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Our graduates learn critical thinking, analytical reasoning, clear writing &amp;ndash; skills highly valued by employers and graduate schools.&lt;/p&gt;</careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2008</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Department of Philosophy&lt;br /&gt;George Mason University&lt;br /&gt;Robinson Hall, Room B459&lt;br /&gt;4400 University Drive, MSN 3F1&lt;br /&gt;Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt;703-994-1329&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:eholman@gmu.edu"&gt;eholman@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:13:20Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>BA</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">120</degree-order-number>
    <department>Philosophy</department>
    <department-abbreviation>PHIL</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://philosophy.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Philosophy</description>
    <director>&lt;p&gt;Emmett Holman&lt;/p&gt;</director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Bachelor of Arts</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">78</id>
    <opportunities>&lt;p&gt;Join the Philosohy Club, devoted to fostering discussion among students.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Consider a concentration in philosophy and law, a course of study that emphasizes the relevance of philosophy to legal issues.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you excel in the classroom, apply to the philosophy honors program. Work closely with a professor on a research project of your own.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Study abroad with Mason&amp;rsquo;s &lt;a href="http://globaled.gmu.edu"&gt;Center for Global Education&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-BA-PHIL</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile>&lt;p&gt;Is there a God? Is there an objective standard of right and wrong? What is the nature of knowledge? As a philosophy major, you will debate these enduring problems and learn how the study of philosophy is relevant to contemporary issues &amp;ndash; global warming, the defense of human rights, and the relationship between religion and science.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You will take courses in a variety of philosophical traditions and study logic, ethics, and social and political philosophy. In the process, you will develop the skills of rational argument and critical thinking and learn to express yourself in clear and persuasive writing.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As a philosophy graduate, you will have important knowledge and skills that will serve you in any career. Critical thinking and clear, strong writing are highly valued by prospective employers and graduate schools. Because of its focus on logic and clear reasoning, a degree in philosophy is an excellent preparation for law school.&lt;/p&gt;</program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;In addition to satisfying &lt;a href="../../gened0910"&gt;university general education requirements&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="../../gened0910"&gt;requirements for a bachelor of arts degree in the College of Humanities and Social Sciences&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="&amp;quot;http://chss.gmu.edu/chss/forundergraduates/gened/0708/index.cfm|&amp;quot;" style="&amp;quot;&amp;quot;" href="../../gened"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, students pursuing this degree must complete at least 33 credits in philosophy earning a minimum grade of 2.00 in each course. At least 21 credits must be at the 300 level or above, including at least 6 credits at the 400 level or above. The credits must be distributed among area requirements as indicated below. No course may be used to fulfill more than one such requirement.&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;At least one course (3 credits) in logic: PHIL 173 or 376&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two courses (6 credits) in history of philosophy: PHIL 301, 303&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;At least one course (3 credits) in the analytic tradition chosen from PHIL 332, 371, 373, 374&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;At least one course (3 credits) in the continental tradition chosen from PHIL 336, 337, 340&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;At least one course (3 credits) in ethics and social and political philosophy chosen from PHIL 311, 323, 324, 325, 327, 355, 429, 470&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Six elective courses (18 credits) in philosophy chosen from any PHIL courses including those above not used to meet a distribution requirement&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;When the subject matter is appropriate and with the undergraduate coordinator&amp;rsquo;s approval, PHIL 391, 392, 421, 425, or 426 may be used to fulfill the analytic tradition, continental tradition, or ethics and social and political philosophy requirements. The following philosophy courses fulfill the general education synthesis requirement: PHIL 309, 343, 377, and 378. Students may choose a concentration in philosophy and law, see below.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-09-28T12:26:58Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason>&lt;p&gt;Located minutes from Washington, D.C., we offer you more affordable access to learning and career opportunities than any other university in the region.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Named the #1 national university to watch by &lt;em&gt;U.S.
News &amp;amp; World Report&lt;/em&gt;, George Mason University is an innovative,
entrepreneurial institution with global distinction in a range of academic
fields. Situated in the heart of Northern Virginia's technology corridor, Mason
prepares its students to succeed in the work force and to meet the needs of the
region and the world.&lt;/p&gt;</why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract>Located minutes from Washington, D.C., we offer you more affordable access to learning and career opportunities than any other university in the region.</why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;There are several ways in which a philosophy minor can supplement a student's major. Philosophy is, above all, a foundational discipline. By minoring in philosophy a student can explore the conceptual and historical foundations of his/her major field of study, as well as the ethical questions that arise in connection with it. A minor in philosophy not only enriches students' appreciation of their major field of study, it also equips them with useful all-purpose skills. Students learn how to think carefully and critically, formulate extended and coherent arguments (especially in writing), and even master a modest amount of formal logic.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2008</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Department of Philosophy&lt;br /&gt;George Mason University&lt;br /&gt;Robinson Hall, Room B459&lt;br /&gt;4400 University Drive, MSN 3F1&lt;br /&gt;Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt;703-994-1329&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:eholman@gmu.edu"&gt;eholman@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:eholman@gmu.edu"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-11-08T07:25:34Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Minor</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">150</degree-order-number>
    <department>Philosophy</department>
    <department-abbreviation>PHIL</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://philosophy.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Philosophy</description>
    <director>&lt;p&gt;Emmett Holman&lt;/p&gt;</director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Minor</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">79</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MINOR-PHIL-PHIL</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this minor must complete 18 credits in philosophy with a minimum grade of 2.00 in each course. No course may be used to fulfill more than one requirement. The credits are distributed as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits) in logic chosen from PHIL 173, 180, or 376&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two courses (6 credits) in history of philosophy: PHIL 301 and 303&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three elective courses (9 credits) in philosophy (at least 6 must be at the 300 level or above). Students may take their electives within one of the emphases listed below: 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Emphasis in history of philosophy&lt;/em&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;At least one course (3 credits) in the history of philosophy chosen from PHIL 302, 325, 332, 335, 336, or 337&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two courses (6 credits) of electives&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Emphasis in reality, knowledge, and science&lt;/em&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;At least two courses (6 credits) chosen from PHIL 312, 337, 340, 357, 371, 373, 374, 375, 377, or 378&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits) of electives&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Emphasis in social and political philosophy&lt;/em&gt; 
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three courses (9 credits) chosen from PHIL 311, 312, 323, 324, 325, 327, 338, or 470&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;When the subject matter is appropriate and with the undergraduate coordinator&amp;rsquo;s approval, PHIL 391, 392, 421, or 425 may be used to fulfill the emphasis requirements.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In accordance with university policy, at least 8 credits must be applied only to the minor and may not be used to fulfill requirements of the student&amp;rsquo;s major, concentration, or another minor.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-05-13T15:43:33Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The minor in philosophy and law offers students a course of study that emphasizes the philosophical analysis of legal issues. It acquaints students with the rich tradition of philosophical argument dealing with the justification of law, its relation to moral theory, the justifications for punishment, and the concepts of justice, rights, liberty, and legal responsibility. In addition, an education in philosophy in general, and these courses in particular, stress intellectual skills that are important in the study of law.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2008</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Department of Philosophy&lt;br /&gt;George Mason University&lt;br /&gt;Robinson Hall, Room B459&lt;br /&gt;4400 University Drive, MSN 3F1&lt;br /&gt;Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt;703-994-1329&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:eholman@gmu.edu"&gt;eholman@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:eholman@gmu.edu"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-11-07T17:31:28Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Minor</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">150</degree-order-number>
    <department>Philosophy</department>
    <department-abbreviation>PHIL</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://philosophy.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Philosophy and Law</description>
    <director>&lt;p&gt;Emmett Holman&lt;/p&gt;</director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Minor</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">81</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MINOR-PHIL-PHLW</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this minor must complete 18 credits distributed as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Four required courses (12 credits): PHIL 173, 301, 303, 311&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two elective courses (6 credits) chosen from PHIL/GOVT 323, 324, 327, 428; PHIL 442 or GOVT 448; PHIL 429, 470 (One elective course (3 credits) may be chosen from other course work designated PHIL with permission of the department.)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In accordance with university policy, at least 8 credits must be applied only to the minor and may not be used to fulfill requirements of the student&amp;rsquo;s major, concentration, or another minor.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The department also coordinates the interdisciplinary minor in political philosophy. See the Interdisciplinary Minors section in this chapter for a description.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-05-13T15:53:08Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The doctoral program in psychology trains students in the principles and applications of psychology. It provides knowledge of the basic content areas in psychology and practical experience in applying this knowledge to solving human problems in life, work, and school. The program offers concentrations in applied developmental psychology, biopsychology, clinical psychology, human factors/applied cognition, and industrial/organizational psychology.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2008</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text>&lt;p&gt;See the university catalog for &lt;a id="&amp;quot;http://www.gmu.edu/catalog/apolicies/index.html#Anchor119|&amp;quot;" href="&amp;quot;http:/www.gmu.edu/catalog/apolicies/index.html#Anchor119&amp;quot;" target="&amp;quot;_blank&amp;quot;"&gt;policies governing all doctoral degrees&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Darby Wiggins&lt;br /&gt; Psychology Graduate Program Assistant&lt;br /&gt; David King Hall 2013F, MSN 3F5 &lt;br /&gt; Department of Psychology&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a id="mailto:psycgrad@gmu.edu" href="mailto:psycgrad@gmu.edu"&gt;psycgrad@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:14:15Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>PhD</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">10</degree-order-number>
    <department>Psychology</department>
    <department-abbreviation>PSYC</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://www.gmu.edu/depts/psychology/</department-web-site>
    <description>Psychology</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Doctor of Philosophy</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">89</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="../../system/file_attachments/334/original/psychologyMAPhD.pdf"&gt;Information sheet&lt;/a&gt; (.pdf)&lt;/p&gt;</other-information>
    <program-code>LA-PHD-PSYC</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;The PhD program has four educational components: core courses, upper-level specialty courses, supervised practica, and dissertation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Core Courses&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Core course requirements cover the basic subject matter identified by the profession as essential to doctoral training: biological bases of behavior, social bases of behavior, cognitive bases of behavior, individual behavior, and history of psychology.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Specialty Courses&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; The 700-, 800-, and 900-level courses provide doctoral candidates with greater depth of study in specific content areas.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Practica&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; The purpose of the practica is to provide a broad range of experiences in settings related to the students&amp;rsquo; concentrations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Advancement to Candidacy&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; To advance to candidacy, students must complete all required, nonelective course work on their approved program of study. Students must also successfully complete and pass written and oral comprehensive exams.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dissertation&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; The dissertation requirement is designed to demonstrate the student&amp;rsquo;s ability to apply psychological principles to research problems. Students must take at least 3 credits of proposal (998) and 3 credits of research (999), and have at least 12 credits of 998 and 999 combined. (No more than 12 credits of 998 and 999 may be applied toward the degree.) Once enrolled in 998, a student must maintain continuous registration in 998 or 999 each semester until the dissertation is submitted to and accepted by University Libraries.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Student Evaluation&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Students in the doctoral program are evaluated on the basis of grades, comprehensive exams, research, and communication skills. In doctoral courses, A and B are the only acceptable grades. Students in the doctoral program must successfully complete comprehensive exams administered each year.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-12T21:04:20Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;Students who wish to pursue the MA in Psychology may choose a concentration in applied developmental psychology, biopsychology, human factors/applied cognition, industrial/organizational psychology, or school psychology. For more information on these options, see the concentrations to the right.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2008</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text>&lt;p&gt;See the university catalog for &lt;a href="&amp;quot;http:/www.gmu.edu/catalog/apolicies/index.html#Anchor114&amp;quot;" target="&amp;quot;_blank&amp;quot;"&gt;policies governing all master's degrees&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Darby Wiggins&lt;br /&gt; Psychology Graduate Program Assistant&lt;br /&gt; David King Hall 2013F, MSN 3F5 &lt;br /&gt; Department of Psychology&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:psycgrad@gmu.edu"&gt;psycgrad@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:14:07Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>MA</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">60</degree-order-number>
    <department>Psychology</department>
    <department-abbreviation>PSYC</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://www.gmu.edu/depts/psychology/</department-web-site>
    <description>Psychology</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Master of Arts</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">91</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="../../system/file_attachments/334/original/psychologyMAPhD.pdf"&gt;Information sheet&lt;/a&gt; (.pdf)&lt;/p&gt;</other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MA-PSYC</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students receiving a MA in psychology must successfully complete 32 credits in psychology in one of the concentrations listed on the right. Students receiving the concentration in school psychology must complete 41 credits.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-12T21:04:41Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract></abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers nil="true"></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2008</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Darby Wiggins&lt;br /&gt; Psychology Graduate Program Assistant&lt;br /&gt; David King Hall 2013F, MSN 3F5&lt;br /&gt; Department of Psychology&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:psycgrad@gmu.edu"&gt;psycgrad@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:14:11Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Graduate Certificate</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">100</degree-order-number>
    <department>Psychology</department>
    <department-abbreviation>PSYC</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://www.gmu.edu/depts/psychology/</department-web-site>
    <description>Aviation Psychology</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Graduate Certificate</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">17</id>
    <opportunities nil="true"></opportunities>
    <other-information nil="true"></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-CERG-AVIP</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile nil="true"></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students receiving this certificate must complete 5 courses (15 credits) distributed as follows.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three required courses (9 credits): PSYCH 530, 645, PSYCH 734 when on an aviation-related topic as approved for this certificate by the program director&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two&amp;nbsp; elective courses (6 credits) chosen from: PSYCH 768, 766; SYST 560; PSYCH 597 when topic is approved for this certificate&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2008-09-10T14:07:53Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason nil="true"></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract nil="true"></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract></abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers nil="true"></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2008</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Darby Wiggins&lt;br /&gt; Psychology Graduate Program Assistant&lt;br /&gt; David King Hall 2013F, MSN 3F5&lt;br /&gt; Department of Psychology&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:psycgrad@gmu.edu"&gt;psycgrad@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:14:02Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Graduate Certificate</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">100</degree-order-number>
    <department>Psychology</department>
    <department-abbreviation>PSYC</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://www.gmu.edu/depts/psychology/</department-web-site>
    <description>Cognitive Neuroscience</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Graduate Certificate</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">22</id>
    <opportunities nil="true"></opportunities>
    <other-information nil="true"></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-CERG-CNEU</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile nil="true"></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this certificate must successfully complete six courses (18 credits) distributed as follows: &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three core courses (9 credits): PSYC 530 and 768 (repeatable, when topic is cognitive neuroscience)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits) chosen from PSYC 527, 531, 556, 558, or 559&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two elective courses (6 credits) chosen from PSYC 702 and PSYC 768, 766, 597 (when topics for these three courses are approved for this certificate by the program director)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2008-09-10T13:49:46Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason nil="true"></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract nil="true"></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract></abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers nil="true"></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2008</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Darby Wiggins&lt;br /&gt; Psychology Graduate Program Assistant&lt;br /&gt; David King Hall 2013F, MSN 3F5&lt;br /&gt; Department of Psychology&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a id="mailto:psycgrad@gmu.edu" href="mailto:psycgrad@gmu.edu"&gt;psycgrad@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:13:54Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Graduate Certificate</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">100</degree-order-number>
    <department>Psychology</department>
    <department-abbreviation>PSYC</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site></department-web-site>
    <description>Usability</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Graduate Certificate</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">107</id>
    <opportunities nil="true"></opportunities>
    <other-information nil="true"></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-CERG-UBTY</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile nil="true"></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this certificate must successfully complete five courses (15 credits) distributed as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three core courses (9 credits): PSYC 530, 645, 737&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two elective courses (6 credits) of electives chosen from PSYC 597 (when topic is approved for this certificate), 654, 734 (when topic is approved for this certificate), 737, 766, 768; EDIT 526, 571, 705, 773&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2008-09-09T18:38:57Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason nil="true"></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract nil="true"></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The Certificate in Advanced Graduate Studies in School Psychology forms a two-level degree program with the &lt;a id="&amp;quot;http://chss.gmu.edu/chss/degrees/index.cfm?concentrationID=32990|&amp;quot;" onmouseover="&amp;quot;&amp;quot;" onmouseout="&amp;quot;&amp;quot;" href="../../concentrations/show/LA-MA-PSYC-SCH"&gt;School Psychology Concentration in the MA in Psychology&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This program prepares graduates for professional certification in school psychology and is approved by School Psychology Training Programs by the National Association of School Psychologists.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Students who wish to apply directly to the certificate program must have earned a master's degree in an allied field, such as counseling, clinical psychology, developmental psychology, or special education, in which at least 15 graduate credits correspond to required courses in the master's curriculum. They must complete all requirements of the master's in school psychology that they have not previously taken.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Students who have not already earned a master's degree in a related field must apply for admission to both the master's program and the certificate.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers nil="true"></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2008</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Darby Wiggins&lt;br /&gt; Psychology Graduate Program Assistant&lt;br /&gt; David King Hall 2013F, MSN 3F5&lt;br /&gt; Department of Psychology&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:psycgrad@gmu.edu"&gt;psycgrad@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:13:50Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Post-Masters Certificate</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">110</degree-order-number>
    <department>Psychology</department>
    <department-abbreviation>PSYC</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://www.gmu.edu/depts/psychology/</department-web-site>
    <description>School Psychology (Advanced Graduate Studies)</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Post-Masters Certificate</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">5</id>
    <opportunities nil="true"></opportunities>
    <other-information nil="true"></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-CERM-ASP</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile nil="true"></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this certificate must complete 26 credits. They must receive a grade of B or better in the course work, which must be completed before the internship (PSYCH 790). School psychology students are required to enroll full time. The credits are distributed as follows:&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;PSYC 592, 597, 722, 750, 790, 792; EDCD 608&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2008-09-09T19:32:09Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason nil="true"></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract nil="true"></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract></abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers>&lt;p&gt;Our graduates work as:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;behavior modification therapists&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;child advocates&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;mental health counselors&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;entertainment coordinators&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;probation counselors&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;teachers&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many of our majors have gone on to graduate schools in the fields of psychology, education, medicine, and social work.&lt;/p&gt;</careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2008</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Department of Psychology&lt;br /&gt;George Mason University&lt;br /&gt;David King Hall, Room 2086&lt;br /&gt;4400 University Drive, MS 3F5&lt;br /&gt;Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt;703-993-1384&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:ugpsyc@gmu.edu"&gt;ugpsyc@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:jsanford@gmu.edu"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:13:47Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>BA</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">120</degree-order-number>
    <department>Psychology</department>
    <department-abbreviation>PSYC</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://www.gmu.edu/depts/psychology/</department-web-site>
    <description>Psychology</description>
    <director>&lt;p&gt;Michael Hurley&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:mhurley2@gmu.edu"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Bachelor of Arts</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">87</id>
    <opportunities>&lt;p&gt;Do a service learning course, putting classrooom learning into practice. Combine a class in abnormal psyc with service learning in a mental health facility, for example.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Work in a faculty lab to get hands-on research experience.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you excel in the classroom, apply to the psychology honors program. Develop a research project of your own in close collaboration with a faculty member.&lt;/p&gt;</opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-BA-PSYC</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile>&lt;p&gt;Do you wonder what makes people behave the way they do? Or why they sometimes forget important information? Are you fascinated by the human brain? Mason&amp;rsquo;s psychology degree is designed for students with interests like yours. As a psychology student, you will complete a broad range of courses from social and abnormal psychology to cognitive and biopsychology. You can take advantage of special topics courses such as forensic psychology and romantic relationships.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Mason&amp;rsquo;s department combines the advantages of a large research instituion with the personal attention of a small college. You will be taught by outstanding professors, widely known for their research, who regularly enlist undergraduates to assist in their research projects.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As a freshman psychology major, you may also have the opportunity to be mentored by a member of Psi Chi, the psychology national honorary society. Your mentor will help ensure your success as a Mason student. In two or three years, you may become a mentor yourself.&lt;/p&gt;</program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;In addition to satisfying &lt;a href="../../gened0910"&gt;university general education requirements&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="../../gened0910"&gt;requirements for a bachelor of arts degree in the College of Humanities and Social Sciences&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a id="&amp;quot;http://www.gmu.edu/catalog/gened/index.html|&amp;quot;" style="&amp;quot;&amp;quot;" href="../../gened"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, students pursuing this degree must complete the course work below with a minimum GPA of 2.00.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;36 credits of psychology (24 of which must be at the 300 and 400 levels) including PSYC 100 (fulfills the university social science requirement), 211 (or two of 313, 314, 415), 231, 300, 301, 317, 325, 372 (or 375, 376), and 465. Students must have a minimum grade of C- (1.67) in each of these nine or more courses.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It is strongly recommended that students fulfill the natural science requirement by completing BIOL 103 and 104 because these courses are prerequisites to PSYC 372. Students who receive transfer credit for a research methods course must take PSYC 304, 309, or 323 unless the transfer course has been approved as writing intensive. Some of the above courses may simultaneously fulfill university general education requirements or college-level; students should consult with an advisor in planning their programs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Any psychology course may be used to satisfy the 36-credit psychology requirement for the BA degree with the following restrictions:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A maximum of 6 credits of 327, 328, 421, 422, 548, and 549 may be applied to required psychology credits.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A maximum of 6 credits of 260, 350, and 460 may be applied to required psychology credits.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No more than 9 credits can be taken from the above without written permission of the department chair.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;PSYC 330 may not be taken for credit by psychology majors&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;ol&gt; &lt;/ol&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-09-28T12:28:03Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason>&lt;p&gt;Located minutes from Washington, D.C., we offer you more affordable access to learning and career opportunities than any other university in the region. Washington, D.C., is home to the headquarters of both the American Psychological Association (APA) and the Association for Psychological Science. One recent graduate worked at the APA while completing his degree.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;With a full-time psychology faculty of more than 45, Mason has experts in nearly every subfield of psychology who offer a wide variety of courses in their specialties.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Named the #1 national university to watch by &lt;em&gt;U.S.
News &amp;amp; World Report&lt;/em&gt;, George Mason University is an innovative,
entrepreneurial institution with global distinction in a range of academic
fields. Situated in the heart of Northern Virginia's technology corridor, Mason
prepares its students to succeed in the work force and to meet the needs of the
region and the world.&lt;/p&gt;</why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract>Located minutes from Washington, D.C., we offer you more affordable access to learning and career opportunities than any other university in the region.</why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract></abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">2009-03-31</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Department of Psychology&lt;br /&gt;George Mason University&lt;br /&gt;David King Hall, Room 2005&lt;br /&gt;4400 University Drive, MSN 3F5&lt;br /&gt;Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt;703-993-1342&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2009-03-31T13:58:50Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">false</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Accelerated BA/MA</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">125</degree-order-number>
    <department>Psychology</department>
    <department-abbreviation>LA</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site></department-web-site>
    <description>Psychology</description>
    <director></director>
    <division></division>
    <effective-date type="date">2009-03-31</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">2009-03-31</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Accelerated Bachelor of Arts/Masters of Arts</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">246</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information nil="true"></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MA-ACEL-PSYC</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Highly qualified undergraduates may apply to the accelerated master's degree program and obtain a bachelor's in psychology and a master's in psychology with a concentration in biopsychology following satisfactory completion of 146 credits. Well-prepared undergraduates are encouraged to apply as they near completion of 90 credits. Admitted students are able to use up to 6 graduate credits in partial fulfillment of requirements for the undergraduate degree. On completion and conferral of the undergraduate degree with satisfactory graduate-level performance (3.00 in each course, grade of B or better) in graduate courses, students are given advanced standing in the master's program. All other master's degree requirements must be met. This program is available only to students pursuing the concentration in biopsychology. Interested students should contact the department for details about the application process.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-03-31T13:58:50Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The BS in neuroscience is an interdisciplinary program emphasizing the relationship between the biology and chemistry of the nervous system and the behavior of an organism. This degree prepares students for medical school or graduate study in neuroscience and other health-related fields as well as for work in the neuroscience field.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2008</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Dr. Jane Flinn &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt; David King Hall 2022, MSN 3F5&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt; 703.993.4107&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:jflinn@gmu.edu"&gt;jflinn@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dr. Mike Hurley&lt;br /&gt; David King Hall 2086, MSN 3F5&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt; 703.993.4562&lt;a href="mailto:mhurley2@gmu.edu"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;mhurley2@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:14:18Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>BS</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">130</degree-order-number>
    <department>Psychology</department>
    <department-abbreviation>PSYC</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://neuroscience.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Neuroscience</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Bachelor of Science</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">74</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-BS-NEUR</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;In addition to satisfying the &lt;a href="../../gened0910"&gt;university general education requirement&lt;/a&gt;s and the &lt;a href="../../gened0910"&gt;requirements for a bachelor of science degree in the College of Humanities and Social Sciences&lt;/a&gt;, students receiving a BS in Neuroscience must complete the following course work:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two foundation courses in biology (8 credits): BIOL 213 and 303&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two foundation courses in chemistry (8 credits): CHEM 211-212*&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One foundation course in mathematics (3 or 4 credits): MATH 113, 114* or 213&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One foundation course in statistics (3 or 4 credits): STAT 250, PSYC 300, MATH 352, or BIOL 312&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Four foundation courses in physics (8 credits): PHYS 243-244 and 245-246 or PHYS 160-161 and 260-261&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three foundation courses in psychology (9 credits): PSYC 100, 375, 376&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One foundation course in computer science (4 credits): CS 112&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three required core courses in neuroscience (9 credits): NSCI 200, 327, and 335&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One required psychology lab course (1 credit): PSYC 373&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;12 credits of electives in foundation areas (see advisor for list)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;12 credits of neuroscience electives (see advisor for list)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One writing intensive course (4 credits): NSCI 301&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The program requirements meet the university general education requirements in quantitative reasoning, social and behavioral science, and natural science.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;* Students intending to pursue a doctorate in neuroscience or a medical degree are advised to take CHEM 313 and 315 and MATH 114.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-09-28T12:32:57Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;Do you wonder what motivates people to behave the way they do? Do you enjoy working with children? Are you fascinated by the human brain? If your answer to any of these questions is "yes," then you should consider majoring in psychology. Psychology majors take courses in abnormal psychology, developmental psychology, physiological psychology, and industrial/organizational psychology. Students interested in graduate school get invaluable research experience in one of our many research labs. Our graduates have taken positions as behavior modification therapists, child advocate supervisors, mental health counselors, entertainment coordinators, probation counselors, public relations assistants, financial counselors, and teachers.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2008</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Jim Sanford&lt;br /&gt; David J. King Hall 2046, MSN 3F5&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030 &lt;br /&gt; 703.993.1351&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:jsanford@gmu.edu"&gt;jsanford@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:13:58Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>BS</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">130</degree-order-number>
    <department>Psychology</department>
    <department-abbreviation>PSYC</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://www.gmu.edu/depts/psychology/</department-web-site>
    <description>Psychology</description>
    <director>&lt;p&gt;Michael Hurley&lt;br /&gt; Director of the BA and BS in Psychology &lt;br /&gt; David J. King Hall 2086, MSN 3F5&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030 &lt;br /&gt; 703.993.1384&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:mhurley2@gmu.edu"&gt;mhurley2@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Bachelor of Science</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">90</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-BS-PSYC</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;In addition to satisfying the &lt;a href="../../gened0910"&gt;university general education requirement&lt;/a&gt;s and the &lt;a href="../../gened0910"&gt;requirements for a bachelor of science degree in the College of Humanities and Social Sciences&lt;/a&gt;, students pursuing this degree must complete the course work below with a minimum GPA of 2.00.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;38 credits of psychology (24 of which must be at the 300 and 400 levels), including PSYC 100 (fulfills the university social science requirement), PSYC 211 (or two of 313, 314, 415), 231, 300, 301, 317, 325, 372 (or 375, 376), and 465; and one of the following: PSYC 304, 309, 320, 323, or 373. Students must have a minimum grade of C- (1.67)&lt;br /&gt; in each of these 10 or more courses.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;14 credits of natural science including BIOL 103 and 104 (which fulfill the university natural science requirement), plus six credits from ASTR, BIOL, CHEM, GEOG 102 and 309, GEOL, PHYS, and UNIV 301&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;6 credits of mathematics, selected from MATH 108, 110, 111, 113, 114; and STAT 250 (3 credits of this requirement fulfill the university quantitative reasoning requirement.)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;3 credits of IT 103 (fulfills the university IT proficiency&lt;br /&gt; requirement)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;12 credits of social and behavioral science (not in psychology and not GEOG 102 or GEOG 309) and fine arts/religious studies/philosophy (other than PHIL 173 and 376). (Courses must include a minimum of 6 credits in social/behavioral science, and 3 credits in fine arts/religious studies/philosophy. These may fulfill the university social and behavioral science and fine arts requirements.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;3 credits of either ENGL 410 or a third laboratory course in psychology selected from PSYC 304, 309, and 323&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Any psychology course may be used to satisfy the 36-credit psychology requirement for the 38-credit psychology requirement for the BS degree with the following restrictions:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A maximum of 6 credits of 327, 328, 421, 422, 548, and 549 may be applied to required psychology credits.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A maximum of 6 credits of 260, 350, and 460 may be applied to required psychology credits.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;No more than 9 credits can be taken from the above without&lt;br /&gt; written permission of the department chair.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;PSYC 330 may not be taken for credit by psychology majors&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-09-28T12:33:44Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>UG</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;Psychology studies human and animal behavior and the cognitive and physiological processes that underlie it. The psychology minor is designed to emphasize the content material of psychology rather than its methodologies. The minor is open to all majors at George Mason. For example, students in biology can study perception, learning, and neurophysiology; students in communication can study how humans behave in social settings and how cognitive processes change across the human lifespan; and students in management can study psychological testing and human behavior in work settings.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers nil="true"></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2008</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Michael Hurley&lt;br /&gt; David J. King Hall 2086, MSN 3F5&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt; 703.993.1384&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:mhurley2@gmu.edu"&gt;mhurley2@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Jim Sanford&lt;br /&gt; David J. King Hall 2046, MSN 3F5&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt; 703.993.1351&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:jsanford@gmu.edu"&gt;jsanford@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-11-07T17:31:49Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Minor</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">150</degree-order-number>
    <department>Psychology</department>
    <department-abbreviation>PSYC</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://www.gmu.edu/depts/psychology/</department-web-site>
    <description>Psychology</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Minor</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">88</id>
    <opportunities nil="true"></opportunities>
    <other-information nil="true"></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MINOR-PSYC-PSYC</program-code>
    <program-level>Undergraduate</program-level>
    <program-profile nil="true"></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this minor must complete 18 credits in psychology distributed as follows: &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One required course (3 credits): PSYC 100&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three courses (9 credits) from three of the following five areas (at least one area must be cognition or physiological):   
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Developmental: PSYC 211 or 313&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Social/personality: PSYC 231 or PSYC 324&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Cognition: PSYC 317&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Abnormal: PSYC 325&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Physiological: PSYC 372 (or 375, 376)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;6 additional credits of psychology courses (with no more than 3 credits taken from PSYC 260, 350, and 460)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Related course work in psychology can enhance many different majors. Please contact the Undergraduate Psychology Office or the Psychology Department web site for a list of suggested courses for students who are majoring in specific disciplines or areas of study that interact well with psychology.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In accordance with university policy, at least 8 credits must be applied only to the minor and may not be used to fulfill requirements of the student&amp;rsquo;s major, concentration, or another minor. For policies governing all minors, see the Academic Policies chapter of this catalog.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2008-09-11T17:19:07Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason nil="true"></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract nil="true"></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The doctoral program in biodefense is designed to prepare students to serve as scholars and professionals in the fields of biodefense and biosecurity. The program integrates knowledge of natural and man-made biological threats with the skills to develop and analyze policies and strategies for enhancing biosecurity. Other areas of biodefense including nonproliferation, intelligence and threat assessment, and medical and public health preparedness are integral parts of the program.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Rana FitzGerald, Academic Program Coordinator&lt;br /&gt; Robinson Hall A 201, MSN 3F4&lt;br /&gt; 703-993-9626&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:biodefense@gmu.edu"&gt;biodefense@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:14:56Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>PhD</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">10</degree-order-number>
    <department>Public and International Affairs</department>
    <department-abbreviation>PUAF</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://pia.gmu.edu/grad/biod/</department-web-site>
    <description>Biodefense</description>
    <director>&lt;p&gt;Frances Harbour, Interim Director&lt;br /&gt; 703-993-1406&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Greg Koblenz, Deputy Director&lt;br /&gt; 703-993-9626&lt;/p&gt;</director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Doctor of Philosophy</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">19</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="../../system/file_attachments/320/original/biodefenseMSPhD.pdf"&gt;Information sheet&lt;/a&gt; (.pdf)&lt;/p&gt;</other-information>
    <program-code>LA-PHD-BIOD</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students receiving this degree must successfully complete a minimum of 72 graduate credits distributed as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Seven required courses (19 credits): BIOD 604, 605, 609, 702 (1 credit); PUAD 630; GOVT 500, 540&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits) of an additional approved advanced research course (qualitative or quantitative)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Four courses (12 credit) in a concentration:  
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Concentration in International Security&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt; - This concentration provides students with a foundation in the international dimensions of biodefense and biosecurity and the international security implications of proliferation, terrorism, and health crises. Students will learn to apply theories of international relations and security studies to the conduct of U.S. foreign policy, the development of international laws and norms, and the role of international organizations in fostering international cooperation to combat shared threats. Students will also have the opportunity to develop an in-depth knowledge of the theory and practice of intelligence and the role of intelligence in national security decision-making.  
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Four courses (12 credits) chosen from: BIOD 620, 621, 622, 705, 706, 709, 722, 725, 760, 761; GOVT 641, 741, 843; PUAD 504, 701, 727&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Concentration in Homeland Security -&lt;/strong&gt; This concentration provides students with a background in the principles and policies of homeland security with an emphasis on medical and public health preparedness for man-made and naturally occurring disasters. Students will learn about the art and practice of the full spectrum of emergency preparedness activities including prevention, planning, detection, response and recovery. Students will also become familiar with methodologies for assessing threats posed by terrorists, weapons of mass destruction, and naturally occurring epidemics.       
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt; Four courses (12 credits) chosen from: BIOD 710, 722, 723, 725, 726, 751, 752, 760, 761, 762, 766; GOVT 510, 706, 755; PUAD 631, 635, 727, 731, 750; PHIL 642 &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two courses (6 credits) from the field outside of the student's concentration&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;6 to 9 credits of BIOD 998 Doctoral Dissertation Proposal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;15 to 18 credits of BIOD 999 Doctoral Dissertation Research&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reduction of Credit&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Students entering the doctoral program with a master's degree or other graduate credit may be able to apply up to 30 credits toward the Ph.D. requirements. The number of credits that will be accepted will be approved by the Director of the Biodefense Program. Students and their advisor will make a recommendation to the director as to how many credits should be accepted and toward which requirements they will be counted. At minimum, the last 42 of the 72 hours for the Ph.D. must be earned in the program. University standards for prior course credits are described in the University Catalog.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-12T21:05:05Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The doctoral program is designed to prepare students for teaching and conducting research about government, careers in government and politics, and work in domestic and international nongovernmental organizations. The program allows students to combine their academic education with experience in the kinds of complex domestic and international political organizations they are studying. This model for political science education, patterned after the American Political Science Association&amp;rsquo;s Congressional Fellows Program, is designed to foster scholarship and a firsthand understanding of domestic and international institutions such as think tanks, international bodies, nongovernmental organizations, journals of political opinion, and congressional and executive branch offices.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Peg Koback&lt;br /&gt; Robinson Hall A 252, MSN 3F4&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt; 703.993.9466&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:politics@gmu.edu"&gt;politics@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:15:00Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>PhD</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">10</degree-order-number>
    <department>Public and International Affairs</department>
    <department-abbreviation>PUAF</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://pia.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Political Science</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Doctor of Philosophy</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">84</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="../../system/file_attachments/333/original/politicalscienceMA.pdf"&gt;Information sheet&lt;/a&gt; (.pdf)&lt;/p&gt;</other-information>
    <program-code>LA-PHD-POS</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;The degree requires 72 credits of course work divided among core courses, advanced courses in the student&amp;rsquo;s major and minor fields, supporting courses that can be outside the department, research methods courses, courses in political theory, experiential learning, and dissertation. The program allows students to specialize in two major fields. A total of 12 credits may be taken in other departments to fulfill a minority of the credits for any of the requirements below, including the methodology requirement, with approval of the director.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The course work is distributed as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three core courses (9 credits) chosen from GOVT 510, 520, 530, 540, 550&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;At least seven advanced courses (21 credits) divided between two major fields:&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;  
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;American government and politics: 6 credits of required field seminars chosen from GOVT 603, 604, 605, 706, and 3 to 9 credits of elective courses&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Comparative politics: 6 credits of required field seminars (GOVT 631 and 731) and 3 to 9 credits of elective courses&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;International relations: 6 credits of required field seminars chosen from GOVT 641, 741, 743, 745, and 3 to 9 credits of elective courses&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Public administration: 6 credits of required field seminars (GOVT 753 and 755) and 3 to 9 credits of elective courses&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;At least three advanced courses (9 credits) in a third field to be designed by the student and advisor to complement the major fields and with written approval of student&amp;rsquo;s advisor on the student's program of study&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three advanced methodology courses (9 credits): GOVT 500, 711, and one other course in quantitative or qualitative methods. The last of the three methodology courses should be tailored to the student&amp;rsquo;s dissertation research needs. Language course work and proficiency may count as the third methodology course with approval.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Opportunity for experience in government and politics: Up to 6 credits (20 hours per week in the field for one semester or 10 hours per week for two semesters). Students produce an academic paper at the conclusion of the experience discussing the implications of their observations for research in the field and how scholarship in the field might be applied to an issue faced by the organization.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;3 to 6 credits of GOVT 998 dissertation proposal&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;15 credits of GOVT 999 dissertation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Altogether, up to 12 credits may be taken in other departments to fulfill minority portions of any of the requirements, including the methodology requirement.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Once enrolled in 998, a student must maintain continuous registration in 998 or 999 each semester until the dissertation is submitted to and accepted by the University Library.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Students must demonstrate proficiency in the statistical, mathematical, and computational techniques used for political science research or in one foreign language at an advanced level of reading and comprehension. Proficiency will be determined by satisfactory course work in methods or exam at the time of the qualifying exam for language proficiency. Certification that this requirement has been met must be completed before advancement to candidacy.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-12T21:05:30Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;Students may specialize in American government and politics, or international relations and comparative politics. In addition, the degree&amp;rsquo;s interdisciplinary opportunities allow students to take up to 9 hours in related fields such as history and public policy. The master's degree in political science is the first step in an engaging and stimulating career. Students develop a deeper understanding of political ideas and institutions, more sophisticated research skills, a better grasp of the intricacies of governments abroad, and a deeper knowledge of the complexities of international politics. This degree can lead to a career teaching about government, working with legislative bodies, government agencies, and international organizations; or doing research and writing about politics and government.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Peg Koback&lt;br /&gt; Robinson Hall A 252, MSN 3F4&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt; 703.993.9466&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:politics@gmu.edu"&gt;politics@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:14:26Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>MA</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">60</degree-order-number>
    <department>Public and International Affairs</department>
    <department-abbreviation>PUAF</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://pia.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Political Science</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Master of Arts</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">83</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="../../system/file_attachments/333/original/politicalscienceMA.pdf"&gt;Information sheet&lt;/a&gt; (.pdf)&lt;/p&gt;</other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MA-POS</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students complete 36 credits distributed as follows: &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Four core courses (12 credits): GOVT 510, 520, 530, 540&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three to five courses (9 to 15 credits) in one of three fields: &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;     
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;American government and politics: 6 credits of required field seminars chosen from GOVT 603, 604, 605, 706, and 3 to 9 credits of elective courses&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Comparative politics: 6 credits of required field seminars (GOVT 631 and 731) and 3 to 9 credits of elective courses&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;International relations: 6 credits of required field seminars chosen from GOVT 641, 741, 743, 745 and 3 to 9 credits of elective courses&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two courses (6 credits) of methods courses: GOVT 500 and 711&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;3 credits of GOVT 798 Research Project or 6 credits of GOVT 799 Thesis; 3 credits of GOVT 798 may be linked to an advanced specialty course to produce a final research project. A director and a committee of two additional faculty members read and approve the thesis if this option is selected. Arrangements for any of these options should be made with the advisor&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Remaining credits chosen from additional courses and may include an internship, additional courses in the specialization, or course work from other departments (see below)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Up to 9 credits of course work from other departments may be selected to complement the specialization and reflect the ideas, institutions, or processes of contemporary governance. Courses should be approved in an education plan designed by students and their advisor. Students who wish to begin or alter their career in government and politics are encouraged to take a 3-credit internship in their area of interest. Internships can be arranged through the Department of Public and International Affairs.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-12T21:06:04Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;This program is designed to build the knowledge base and skills of people who are playing or intend to play a leadership role in organizations that develop or implement public policy. In addition, the program is among the first to address implications of the growing reliance of government on a wide range of third parties, including other governments, private contractors, and nonprofits, for public goals and accountability.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In the required courses, emphasis is placed on the development of knowledge about public policy and management, as well as analytical problem-solving and communication skills, and third-party governance. Elective courses can be used by students to focus their knowledge and skill development within one of the concentrations listed to the right.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion>&lt;p&gt;PUAD 794 Internship and PUAD 796 Directed Reading and Research may be applied to this concentration where content is appropriate and with prior written approval of the MPA director. Other courses may also be applied to the concentration with prior written approval of the director.&lt;/p&gt;</concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text>&lt;p&gt;In addition to completing the 24 credits of required courses for the MPA, students receiving this concentration choose their 4 elective courses (12 credits) from the following.&lt;/p&gt;</concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Ann Ludwick&lt;br /&gt; Graduate Student Coordinator, MPA Program&lt;br /&gt; Robinson Hall A 252, MSN 3F4&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt; 703.993.3707&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:mpa@gmu.edu"&gt;mpa@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:14:22Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>MPA</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">80</degree-order-number>
    <department>Public and International Affairs</department>
    <department-abbreviation>PUAF</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site></department-web-site>
    <description>Public Administration</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Master of Public Administration</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">92</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="../../system/file_attachments/335/original/publicadministration.pdf"&gt;Information sheet&lt;/a&gt; (.pdf)&lt;/p&gt;</other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MPA-PUAD</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;To receive an MPA, students must successfully complete 36 credits distributed as follows.&amp;nbsp;The required courses emphasize the development of knowledge about public policy and management, as well as analytical problem-solving and communication skills, and third-party governance. Through these courses, students develop a shared knowledge base and skill set.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Six core courses (18 credits): PUAD 502, 611, 620, 640, 700, and 703 &amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One additional methods course (3 credits) chosen from PUAD 612, 613, 741 or 742 &amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;One course (3 credits) in accounting, budgeting, and financial management chosen from PUAD 660, 662, 663 or 664&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Four elective courses (12 credits)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Students are required to enroll at least twice in PUAD 798 in two different semesters (0 credits).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The elective courses can be used by students to focus their knowledge and skill development within one concentration. Alternatively, the electives can be used to extend the breadth of study with courses drawn from a variety of concentrations or from other departments and schools across the university.&amp;nbsp;Students may take their elective courses within one of the concentrations listed below. As an alternative, with the approval of their advisor, students may select their elective courses from several concentrations or fields. Students may declare only one concentration.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-12T21:06:27Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The master&amp;rsquo;s degree in biodefense prepares students to become the next generation of biodefense and biosecurity professionals and scholars. Our unique program provides students with a foundation in microbiology and biotechnology combined with a broader security and organizational context.&amp;nbsp;Students are able to select a concentration in one of two fields: International Security or Homeland Security.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students must meet the admission standards and application requirements of the university. See the Graduate Admission Policies section of the catalog. Because of the breadth of the program, students with backgrounds in science or other areas such as international affairs, political science, law, public policy, and conflict resolution are encouraged to apply.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In addition to fulfilling the admission requirements for graduate study, applicants must submit:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three letters of recommendation from faculty members or those who can evaluate the applicant's academic potential&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A statement of purpose consistent with research interests or professional goals&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;A current resume or Curriculum Vitae&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Scores from GRE taken within five years prior to date of application&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Rana FitzGerald, Academic Program Coordinator&lt;br /&gt; Robinson Hall A 201, MSN 3F4&lt;br /&gt; 703-993-9626&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:biodefense@gmu.edu"&gt;biodefense@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:15:04Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>MS</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">90</degree-order-number>
    <department>Public and International Affairs</department>
    <department-abbreviation>PUAF</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://pia.gmu.edu/grad/biod/</department-web-site>
    <description>Biodefense</description>
    <director>&lt;p&gt;Frances Harbour, Interim Director&lt;br /&gt; 703-993-1406&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Greg Koblenz, Deputy Director&lt;br /&gt; 703-993-9626&lt;/p&gt;</director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Master of Science</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">18</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="../../system/file_attachments/320/original/biodefenseMSPhD.pdf"&gt;Information sheet&lt;/a&gt; (.pdf)&lt;/p&gt;</other-information>
    <program-code>LA-MS-BIOD</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students must successfully complete 37 credits distributed as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Seven required courses (19 credits): BIOD 604, 605, 609, 702; PUAD 630; GOVT 500, 540 &amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Four to five elective courses: at least three courses (9 credits) of BIOD electives and up to two courses (6 credits) of approved non-BIOD electives&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;3 credits of BIOD 798 Master's Project or 6 credits of BIOD 799 Master's Thesis&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Students have the option to take their elective courses within one of the concentrations listed below.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Concentration in International Security&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Four courses (12 credits) chosen from: BIOD 620, 621, 622, 705, 706, 709, 722, 725, 760, 761; GOVT 641, 741, 745, 843; PUAD 504, 701, 727&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Concentration in Homeland Security&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Four courses (12 credits) chosen from: BIOD 710, 722, 723, 725, 726, 751, 752, 760, 761, 766; GOVT 510, 706, 755; PUAD 631, 635, 727, 731, 750; PUBP 757, 758; PHIL 642&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In order to graduate the MS in Biodefense program, students must complete a substantial research paper to demonstrate the ability to conduct original, independent research. This goal can be achieved in two ways: a research project (BIOD 798) or a thesis (BIOD 799). The objectives of both the research project and thesis are to serve as a capstone for the student's graduate education and to demonstrate the student's research, analytical, and writing skills. Both options require the student to produce a substantial and original contribution to the fields of biodefense or biosecurity on the model of a paper suitable for presentation at a scholarly conference or an article in a peer-reviewed scholarly journal.&lt;/p&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-12T21:06:46Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract></abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards>&lt;p&gt;Admission standards for the certificate program are the same as for the MPA program.&lt;/p&gt;</admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Ann Ludwick&lt;br /&gt; Graduate Student Coordinator&lt;br /&gt; Department of Public and International Affairs&lt;br /&gt; Robinson A 252, MSN 3F4&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt; 703.993.9466&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:mpa@gmu.edu"&gt;mpa@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:14:45Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Graduate Certificate</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">100</degree-order-number>
    <department>Public and International Affairs</department>
    <department-abbreviation>PUAF</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site></department-web-site>
    <description>Administration of Justice</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Graduate Certificate</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">4</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-CERG-ADJ</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing this certificate must complete five courses (15 credits) distributed as follows.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three required courses (9 credits): PUAD 502; JLCP 509, 691&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two JLCP elective courses (6 credits)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-12T19:36:34Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract></abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards>&lt;p&gt;Admission standards for the certificate program are the same as for the MPA program.&lt;/p&gt;</admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Ann Ludwick&lt;br /&gt; Graduate Student Coordinator&lt;br /&gt; Department of Public and International Affairs&lt;br /&gt; Robinson A 252, MSN 3F4&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt; 703.993.9466&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:mpa@gmu.edu"&gt;mpa@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:14:41Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Graduate Certificate</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">100</degree-order-number>
    <department>Public and International Affairs</department>
    <department-abbreviation>PUAF</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://pia.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Association Management</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Graduate Certificate</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">16</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-CERG-AM</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing a certificate must complete five courses (15 credits) distributed as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three required courses (9 credits): PUAD 657, 659, 664&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two elective courses (6 credits) in the nonprofit area&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-12T19:37:30Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract></abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards>&lt;p&gt;The admisson standards for the certificate program are the same as for the MPA program.&lt;/p&gt;</admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Ann Ludwick&lt;br /&gt; Graduate Student Coordinator&lt;br /&gt; Department of Public and International Affairs&lt;br /&gt; Robinson A 252, MSN 3F4&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt; 703.993.9466&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:mpa@gmu.edu"&gt;mpa@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:14:37Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Graduate Certificate</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">100</degree-order-number>
    <department>Public and International Affairs</department>
    <department-abbreviation>PUAF</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://pia.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Emergency Management and Homeland Security</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Graduate Certificate</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">39</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-CERG-EMHS</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing a certificate must complete five courses (15 credits) distributed as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three required courses (9 credits): PUAD 502, 630, and 632&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two elective courses (6 credits) in the emergency management and homeland security area&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-12T19:38:18Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;This certificate is offered in class or online.&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards>&lt;p&gt;The admission standards for the certificate program are the same as for the MPA program.&lt;/p&gt;</admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information>&lt;p&gt;Ann Ludwick&lt;br /&gt; Graduate Student Coordinator&lt;br /&gt; Department of Public and International Affairs&lt;br /&gt; Robinson A 252, MSN 3F4&lt;br /&gt; Fairfax, VA 22030&lt;br /&gt; 703.993.9466&lt;br /&gt; &lt;a href="mailto:mpa@gmu.edu"&gt;mpa@gmu.edu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2007-10-24T12:14:33Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Graduate Certificate</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">100</degree-order-number>
    <department>Public and International Affairs</department>
    <department-abbreviation>PUAF</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://pia.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Nonprofit Management</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Graduate Certificate</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">76</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-CERG-NPMG</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing a certificate must complete five courses (15 credits) distributed as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three required courses (9 credits): PUAD 505, 659, 664&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two elective courses (6 credits) in the nonprofit area&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-12T19:39:03Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract></abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information></contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2008-07-28T16:22:46Z</created-at>
    <currently-admitting-students type="boolean">true</currently-admitting-students>
    <degree>Graduate Certificate</degree>
    <degree-order-number type="integer">100</degree-order-number>
    <department>Public and International Affairs</department>
    <department-abbreviation>PUAF</department-abbreviation>
    <department-web-site>http://pia.gmu.edu/</department-web-site>
    <description>Public Management</description>
    <director></director>
    <division>LA</division>
    <effective-date type="date">1903-12-30</effective-date>
    <enhance-your-major nil="true"></enhance-your-major>
    <fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</fall-deadline>
    <full-degree>Graduate Certificate</full-degree>
    <id type="integer">117</id>
    <opportunities></opportunities>
    <other-information></other-information>
    <program-code>LA-CERG-PMG</program-code>
    <program-level>Graduate</program-level>
    <program-profile></program-profile>
    <relevant-tests></relevant-tests>
    <requirements>&lt;p&gt;Students pursuing a certificate must complete five courses (15 credits) distributed as follows:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Three required courses (9 credits): PUAD 502, 620, 640&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Two elective courses (6 credits) in the public management area&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;</requirements>
    <updated-at type="datetime">2009-10-12T19:39:51Z</updated-at>
    <web-site-data></web-site-data>
    <why-mason></why-mason>
    <why-mason-abstract></why-mason-abstract>
  </program>
  <program>
    <abbreviated-program-level>GR</abbreviated-program-level>
    <abstract>&lt;p&gt;The Certificate in Critical Analysis and Strategic Responses to Terrorism (CASR) in an interdisciplinary introduction to the phenomenon of modern terrorism and its implications for US domestic and foreign policy. It focuses on multidisciplinary analysis and holistic cross-sectoral approaches to long-term prevention of and response to terrorism.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</abstract>
    <additional-fall-deadline type="date">1903-12-30</additional-fall-deadline>
    <additional-fall-deadline-note></additional-fall-deadline-note>
    <admission-standards></admission-standards>
    <application-requirements></application-requirements>
    <branding-content-type nil="true"></branding-content-type>
    <branding-file-name nil="true"></branding-file-name>
    <branding-file-size type="integer" nil="true"></branding-file-size>
    <careers></careers>
    <catalog-year type="integer">2009</catalog-year>
    <concentration-requirements-conclusion></concentration-requirements-conclusion>
    <concentration-requirements-intro-text></concentration-requirements-intro-text>
    <contact-information></contact-information>
    <created-at type="datetime">2008-07-28T16:28:15Z</created-a